Hostilius
Could not find Hostilio in Logeion dictionaries.
Hostilio proper-name adjective neuter dative singular, proper-name adjective masculine ablative singular, proper-name adjective masculine dative singular, proper-name adjective neuter ablative singular of Hostilius
- name of a Roman gens.
- 1 Hostus Hostilius, who fought victoriously against the Sabines, Liv. 1, 12.—
- 2 His grandson, Tullus Hostilius, the third king of Rome, Liv. 1, 22 sqq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 9.—
- 3 L. Hostilius Tubulus, praetor in A. U. C. 611, a rude person, Lucil. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 63. —
- II Deriv. Hostīlĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Hostilius, Hostilian: Curia, built by king Tullus Hostilius, Liv. 1, 22; 30; Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.: Hostiliis Laribus immolabant, quod ab his hostes arceri putabant (perhaps named after Hostus Hostilius), Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 Müll.: lex, Just. Inst. 4, 10.
1. Hostus Hostilius, of Medullia, was the first of the Hostilian name at Rome. He married the Sabine matron Hersilia [Hersilia], by whom he had a son, the father of Tullus Hostilius, third king of Rome. In the war that sprung from the rape of the Sabine women, Hostilius was the champion of Rome, and fell in battle. (Liv. 1.12; Dionys. A. R. 3.1. Macr. 1.6.)
2. Tullus Hostilius, grandson of the preceding, was the third king of Rome. Thirty-two vears--from about B. C. 670 to 638--were assigned by the annalists to his reign. According to the legends, his history ran as follows :-Hostilius departed from the peaceful ways of Numa, and aspired to the martial renown of Romulus. He made Alba acknowledge Rome's supremacy in the war wherein the three Roman brothers, the Horatii, fought with the three Alban brothers, the Curiatii, at the Fossa Cluilia. Next he warred with Fidenae and with Veii, and being straitly pressed by their joint hosts, he vowed temples to Pallor and Pavor--Paleness and Panic. And after the fight was won, he tore asunder with chariots Mettius Fufetius, the king or dictator of Alba, because he had desired to betray Rome; and he utterly destroyed Alba, sparing only the temples of the gods, and bringing the Alban people to Rome, where he gave them the Caelian hill to dwell on. Then he turned himself to war with the Sabines, who, he said, had wronged the Roman merchants at the temple of Feronia, at the foot of Mount Soracte; and being again straitened in fight in a wood called the Wicked Wood, he vowed a yearly festival to Saturn and Ops, and to double the number of the Salii, or priests of Mamers. And when, by their help, he had vanquished the Sabines, he performed his vow, and its records were the feasts Saturnalia and Opalia. But while Hostilius thus warred with the nations northward and eastward of the city, he leagued himself with the Latins and with the Hernicans, so that while he was besieging Veii, the men of Tusculum and of Anagnia encamped on the Esquiline hill, and kept guard over Rome, where the city was most open. Yet, in his old days, Hostilius grew weary of warring; and when a pestilence struck him and his people, and a shower of burning stones fell from heaven on Mount Alba, and a voice as of the Alban gods came forth from the solitary temple of Jupiter on its summit, he remembered the peaceful and happy days of Numa, and sought to win the favour of the gods, as Numa had done, by prayer and divination. But the gods heeded neither his prayers nor his charms, and when he would inquire of Jupiter Elicius, Jupiter was wroth, and smote Hostilius and his whole house with fire. Later times placed his sepulchre on the Velian hill. (Varr. frugm. p. 241. Bipont. ed.)
That the story of Tullus Hostilius in Dionysius and Livy is the prose form of an heroic legend there seems little reason to doubt. The incidents of the Alban war, the meeting of the armies on the boundary line of Rome and Alba, the combat of the triad of brethren, the destruction of the city, the wrath of the gods, and the extinction of the Hostilian house, are genuine poetical features. Perhaps the only historical fact embodied in them is the ruin of Alba itself; and even this is misrepresented, since, had a Roman king destroyed it, the territory and city would have become Roman, whereas Alba remained a member of the Latin league until the dissolution of that confederacy in B. C. 338. Yet, on the other hand, with Hostilius begins a new era in the early history of Rome, the ytho-historical, with higher pretensions and perhaps nearer approaches to fact and personality. As Romulus was the founder and eponymus of the Ramnes or first tribe, and Tatius of the Titienses or second, so Hostilius, a Latin of Medullia, was probably the founder of the third patrician tribe, the Luceres, which, whatever Etruscan admixture it may have had, was certainly in its main element Latin. Hostilius assigned lands, added to a national priesthood, and to the patriciate, instituted new religious festivals, and, according to one account at least, increased the number of the equites, all of which are tokens of permanent additions to the populus or burgherdom, and characteristics of a founder of the nation. Consistent with these glimpses of historical existence are his building the Hostilia curia, and his enclosure of the comitium. He was not therefore, like Romulus, merely an eponymus, nor, like Numa, merely an abstraction of one element, the religious phase of the commonwealth, but a hero-king, whose personality is dimly visible through the fragments of dismembered record and among the luminous clouds of poetic colouring. (Dionys. A. R. 3.1-36; Liv. 1.22_32 ; Cic. de Rep. 2.17; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. i. pp. 296-298, 346-352; Arnold, Hist. of Rume, vol. i. pp. 15-19.)
3. M. Hostilius, removed the town of Salapia in Apulia from the unhealthy borders of the palus Sllapina--Lago di Salpi--to a site four miles nearer the coast, and converted the lake, by drainage, into the harbour of the new town. (Vitr. 1.4. p. 30. Bipont. ed.)
4. C. Hostilius was sent by the senate to Alexandria in B. C. 168 to interpose as legatus between Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria [Antiochus, IV.] and Ptolemy Physcon and Cleopatra, the sovereigns of Egypt. [Cleopatra, No. 6.] (Liv. 44.19, 29.)
5. Tullus Hostilius, a creature of M. Antony's, and tribune elect of the plebs for B. C. 43. Cicero plays upon his name, as befittingly affixed to the gate-probably of the Curia Hostilia. (Philipp. 13.12.26.)
6. Hostilius, a cynic philosopher, banished by Vespasian A. D, 72-3. (D. C. 66.13; comp. Suet. Vesp. 13.) [W.B.D]
1. A. Hostilius Cato, was praetor in B. C. 207 (Liv. 27.35, 36), and obtained Sardinia for his province. (28.10.) In 201, after the evacuation of Italy by the Carthaginians, the senate named Hostilius one of ten commissioners for re-apportioning the demesne lands of Rome in Samnium and Apulia (31.4). In 190 he was legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus, and was involved with him in the charge of taking bribes from Antiochus the Great. Hostilius in B. C. 187 was convicted of receiving for his own share from the king of Syria 40 pounds of gold and 403 of silver. He gave sureties for his appearance; but since Scipio, a greater defaulter, eluded punishment, Hostilius probably escaped also. (38.55, 58.)
2. C. Hostilius Cato, brother of the preceding, and his colleague in the praetorship B. C. 207. After several changes in his appointment, the senate at length directed Hostilius to combine in his own person the offices of praetor urbanus and praetor peregrinus, in order that the other praetors of the year might take the field against Hannibal (Liv. 27.35, 36.)
3. L. Hostilius Cato, was one of the commissioners [Hostilius Cato, No. 1] for redividing the demesne lands of Rome in Samnium and Apulia B. C. 201 (Liv. 31.4), and subsequently legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus in the Syrian war, B. C. 190. L. Hostilius, as well as Aulus, was accused of taking bribes from Antiochus, but, unlike Aulus, was acquitted. (Liv. 38.55.) [W.B.D]
legatus of Marius Priscus, proconsul of the Roman province of Africa in Trajan's reign. He was involved in the charges brought against the proconsul A. D. 101 (comp. Juv. 1.49, 8.120) of extortion and cruelty; and, without being degraded from his rank as senator, he was prohibited the exercise of all senatorial functions. (Plin. Ep. 2.11, 12.) [W.B.D]
the proposer of the Lex Hostilia, of uncertain date. The old Roman law pro hibited actions from being brought by one person in the name of another, except in the case of actions pro populo, pro liberate, and pro tutela. (Inst. 4. tit. 10. pr.) By an action pro tutela seems to be meant the case of an action brought by a tutor in the name of a ward (compare Gel. 5.13); and it was a rule of law that no third person could act for the tutor in behalf of the ward. By the Lex Hostilia, an actio furti was allowed to be brought in the name of one who was absent on the public service, military or civil; and if the absent person were a tutor, a third person was allowed to supply his place, where his ward had received an injury, for which an actio furti was the proper remedy. This law, which exempted soldiers on foreign duty from ordinary rules of law, was probably connected with the actiones Hostilianae men tioned by Cicero. (De Orat. 1.57.) As in an actio furti, founded upon the Lex Hostilia, the damage recovered by the nominal plaintiff ensued to the benefit of the absent soldier, a legal argument might be drawn by analogy in favour of the claim of the soldier to whom allusion is made by Cicero in the passage referred to. The father of the soldier had died during his son's absence, after having made a stranger his heir, in the erroneous belief of his son's death. The argument from analogy would be, that the stranger took the inherit ance for the soldier's benefit. Hugo and others have supposed that the actiones Hostilianae were testamentary formulae. [J.T.G]
Priscjan (p. 719, ed. Putsch.) quotes a single line
" Saepe greges pecuum ex hibernis pastubu' pulsi" from "Hostilius in primo Annali," where Weichert, although unsupported by any MS. authority, proposes to substitute Hostius for Hostilis, and supposes that a reference is here made to a work by that Hostius who wrote a poem on the Histric War [Hostius]. If Hostilius be the true reading, we find no other allusion to this personage in any ancient author, since he can scarcely be the mimographer mentioned by Tertullian (Apolog. 15 ?, who in classing together " Lentulorum et Hostiliorum venustates" seems to bring down the latter to the reign of Domitian, which we know to have been the epoch of Lentulus, while the versification of the hexameter given above appears to belong to some period not later than the age of Cicero. (See Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reliquiae, Lips. 11830. p. 17.) [W.R]
See Tullus Hostilius.