sacramentum

să̄crāmentum, i, n. [sacro].

• In good class. Lat., a jurid. and milit. t. t.
• • A Jurid. t. t., the sum which the two parties to a suit at first deposited, but afterwards became bound for, with the tresviri capitales; so called because the sum deposited by the losing party was used for religious purposes, esp. for the sacra publica; v. Fest. p. 344 Müll.; or, perh. more correctly, because the money was deposited in a sacred place; v. the foll. passage of Varro and Müller's note. (Another reason is given in Isid. Orig. 5, 24 fin.: sacramentum est pignus sponsionis; vocatum autem sacramentum, quia violare, quod quisque promittit, perfidia est): ea pecunia, quae in judicium venit in litibus, sacramentum a sacro. Qui petebat et qui infitiabatur, de aliis rebus utrique quingenos aeris ad pontem deponebant, de aliis rebus item certo alio legitimo numero assum; qui judicio vicerat, suom sacramentum e sacro auferebat, victi ad aerarium redibat, Varr. L. L. 5, § 180 Müll. N. cr.: qui prior vindicaverat, dicebat: quando tu injuria vindicavisti, de aeris sacramento te provoco; adversarius quoque dicebat: similiter ego te; seu L. asses sacramenti nominabant... Postea praedes Praetor ab utroque accipiebat sacramenti, quod id in publicum cedebat, Gai. Inst. 4, 16; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, § 13 sq.; 95: sacramenti autem nomine id aes dici coeptum est quod et propter aerarii inopiam et sacrorum publicorum multitudinem consumebatur id in rebus divinis, Fest. p. 344 Müll.: cum in rem aliquam agerent litigatores et poena se sacramenti peterent, poscebant judicem, qui dabatur post trigesimum diem, Pseudo-Ascon. ad. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26 (p. 164 Orell.): de multae sacramento consules comitiis centuriatis tulerunt, Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.—
  • • 2 Meton., a cause, a civil suit or process: decemviri re quaesitā et deliberatā sacramentum nostrum justum judicaverunt, Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; cf. transf. in gen.: homines graves, quibuscum tibi justo sacramento contendere, non liceret, on equal terms, with a fair chance of success, id. de Or. 1, 10, 42: cetera ... ἔντεχνα et arguta adparebunt, ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, lay a wager, i.e. confidently assert, id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: injustis vindiciis ac sacramentis alienos fundos petere, id. Mil. 27, 74: si Xviri sacramentum in libertatem injustum judicassent, id. Dom. 29, 78.—
  • B Milit. t. t. (cf. infra, 2, the passage from Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36), orig. the preliminary engagement entered into by newly-enlisted troops (this was followed by the proper military oath, jusjurandum, which was at first voluntary, but, after the second Punic war, was demanded by the military tribune): milites tum (i.e. 538 A.U.C.), quod numquam antea factum erat, jurejurando ab tribunis militum adacti milites [jussu consulis conventuros]: nam ad eam diem nihil praeter sacramentum fuerat; et, ubi ad decuriatum aut centuriatum convenissent, suā voluntate ipsi inter sese decuriati equites, centuriati pedites conjurabant, sese fugae atque formidinis ergo non abituros neque ex ordine recessuros, nisi, etc.... Id ex voluntario inter ipsos foedere ad tribunos ac legitimam juris jurandi adactionem translatum, Liv. 22, 38, 2 seq. Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 4; and v. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 292 sq.—Hence, since that time,
  • • 2 For jusjurandum, the military oath of allegiance (very freq. and class.): milites Domitianos sacramentum apud se dicere jubet, to take the oath of allegiance, Caes. B. C. 1, 23; so, sacramentum dicere, id. ib. 1, 86 fin.: quos consulis sacramento rogavisset, id. B. G. 6, 1: sacramentum dicere alicui, Tac. A. 1, 28; and in a like signif. in Livy: sacramento (abl.) dicere, Liv. 2, 24 fin.; 4, 53; 25, 5; 41, 5 fin.: sacramento dicere alicui, id. 24, 8: ut omnes minores quinquaginta annis sacramento (abl.) rogaret, should administer the oath of allegiance to them, swear them in, id. 40, 26; so, rogare (aliquos) sacramento, id. 32, 26; 35, 2; Quint. 12, 2, 26; in a like sense: adigere sacramento aliquos, Liv. 4, 5; 7, 11; 9, 29; Tac. A. 1, 37; id. H. 1, 55: adigere aliquos sacramento Othonis, id. ib. 1, 76: Vitellii, id. ib. 2, 55: Vespasiani, id. ib. 2, 79: adigere aliquos sacramento in nomen senatūs, Suet. Galb. 16: sacramento aliquem tenere ... sacramento tenere, Caes. B. C. 2, 32; cf.: secundo eum obliget militiae sacramento, quia, priore amisso, jure cum hostibus pugnare non poterat, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (in which passage the primary jurid. signif. is alluded to): ex quibus (legionibus) aetate aut valetudine fessi sacramento solvebantur, Tac. A. 16, 13 fin.: legionibus, quae sacramentum mutaverant, in paenitentiam conversis, i.e. had revolted, Suet. Claud. 13; cf.: paenitentia mutati sacramenti, id. Galb. 10: alicujus sacramentum exuere, Tac. H. 3, 42: hoc sacramento (viz. in the service of Bacchus) initiatos juvenes milites faciendos censetis? Liv. 39, 15.—
    • • b Transf., in gen., an oath, a solemn obligation or engagement (mostly post-Aug.): ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2: non ego perfidum Dixi sacramentum: ibimus, ibimus, etc., Hor. C. 2, 17, 10: in verba Eumolpi sacramentum juravimus, Petr. 117, 5: amicitiae sacramentum delevi, id. 80, 4: sacramento quodam nexi, Just. 20, 4, 14: se sacramento obstringere, ne, etc., Plin. Ep. 10, 96 (97), 7: si quod inesset mutis animalibus tacitum ac naturale sacramentum, Ap. Met. 3, 26, 15.—
• II In eccl. and late Lat., something to be kept sacred.
• • • 1 A secret: sacramentum regis abscondere, Vulg. Tob. 12, 7.—
    • 2 The gospel revelation: nolite verba, cum sacramentum meum Erit canendum, providenter quaerere, Prud. στεφ. 10,15.—
    • 3 A mystery: sacramentum stellarum, Vulg. Apoc. 1, 20: pietatis, ib. 1 Tim. 3, 16; Lact. 7, 24; Aug. de Agone Christi, 24.—
    • 4 A sacrament: signa, cum ad res divinas pertinent, sacramenta appellantur, Aug. Ep. 138: baptismi, id. Doctr. Christ. 3, 13: sanguinis Christi, id. Ep. ad Bonif. 98, 9: (matrimonii), Vulg. Eph. 5, 32.—
    • 5 The office of the ministry: Athanasium episcopum... coctus in unum quaesitus (synodus ut appellant) removit a sacramento quod obtinebat, Amm.15, 7, 7.

sacrāmentum, ī, n. (sacro), I) das, wodurch man sich od. einen anderen zu etw. verbindlich macht, die Weihe, dah. A) als jurist. t. t. = die Summe Geldes, die man im Zivilprozeß niederlegte u. die die den Prozeß verlierende Partei zugleich mit einbüßte, das Haftgeld, die Strafsumme, Varro LL. 5, 180. Gaius inst. 4, 12 sqq. Ps. Ascon. Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26. p. 164 B: multae sacramentum, Cic. de rep. 2, 60. – meton., die gegenseitige Provokation auf eine Strafsumme, eine Art Wette, die der Kläger und Beklagte um die Wahrheit u. Unwahrheit ihrer Behauptung eingingen, worüber dann die Zentumvirn u. der Iudex zu entscheiden hatten (vgl. Prob. de litt. sing. § 4. p. 273 K. si negas, te sacramento quingenario provoco), sacramento contendere cum alqo, mit jmd. unter Pr. auf eine Str. prozessieren, Val. Max.: iusto sacramento contendere cum alqo, Cic.: sacramentum alcis iustum iudicare, den Prozeß zu jmds. Gunsten entscheiden, Cic.; vgl. sacramenta pronuntiare non iusta, Arnob.: übtr. v. Wetten, ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, eine Wette eingehst, wettest, Cic. ep. 7, 32, 2. – Vgl. Pflüger die legis actio sacramento. 1898. Sohm Institutionen¹³ S. 272. – B) milit. t. t. = die Verpflichtung zum Kriegsdienste u. bes. der damit verbundene Diensteid, Eid der Treue (vollst. sacr. militare od. militiae, s. im folg.), 1) eig. u. meton.: a) eig.: alqm militiae sacramento obligare, vereidigen, zur Fahne schwören lassen, Cic.: so auch milites sacramento rogare, Caes. u. Liv., od. adigere, Liv., schwören lassen, in Eid nehmen: dicere sacramentum, Caes., od. sacramento, Liv., schwören, zur Fahne schwören, den Fahneneid leisten: vollst. dicere sacramento militari, Plin. ep.: alci sacramento od. sacramentum dicere, einem schwören, Liv. u. Tac.: sacramentum neglegere, Caes. – b) meton., der Kriegsdienst, longo Caesarum sacramento imbutus, Tac.: qui sacramento non tenerentur, die zum Kriegsdienste nicht verpflichtet wären, Suet.: praemia sacramentorum, Iuven. – 2) übtr.: a) die Verpflichtung, amicitiae, Petron.: si quod inesset mutis animalibus tacitum... sacramentum, Apul. – b) der Eid, sacramento quodam nexi, Iustin.: perfidum sacramentum dicere, Hor.: sacramento se obstringere, Plin. ep.: contra religionem sacramenti occīdi, Eutr. – II) im Kirchenlatein = das religiöse Geheimnis, Lact. u.a.

sacramentum [CL] 1 formal oath. b (~um corporale or corporaliter praestitum) oath made in physical contact with a sacred object, corporal oath; c (in informal context). post horribile ~um juramenti Gildas EB 28; 722 hoc autem indiculum ~i ego Bonifatius exiguus episcopus manu propria scripsi positum supra sacratissimum corpus tuum ‥ Deo teste et judice prestiti ~um, quod et conservare promitto Bonif. Ep. 16; ~o facto juravit quod ‥ (Kent) DB I 2ra; dicitur ‥ ~um etiam jusjurandum, non quod rei cujuspiam similitudinem habeat, sed quia supra res sacras alicujus rei confirmatio vel negatio fiat Lanfr. Corp. & Sang. 423B; Goduinum quoque obliquis oculis intuitus ad ~um purgationis compulit W. Malm. GR II 188; 1221 juratores testantur super ~um suum quod ‥ PlCrGlouc 56; quibus dominus rex, addito magno ~o, ait “nunquam certe prevalebit” M. Par. Maj. V 231; 1406 domino quondam David Flemyng, pro expensis suis, transeunti in Angliam pro ~o regis Anglie recipiendo ‥ cl li. ExchScot 646; 1412 inter cetera consueta ~um speciale prestare teneantur quod statuti hujus formam ‥ observabunt StatOx 218.  b ~o corporaliter prestito Dial. Scac. II 4A; contra ~a plurima eidem ‥ super reliquias pretiosissimas corporaliter prestita Gir. IK II 2 p. 112; 1216 accepto ‥ ~o suo corporali , 1271 per corporale ~um , 1304 corporale ~um prestiterunt (v. corporalis 1d); 1352 idem Patricius ~um prestitit corporale quod ipse aut aliquis hominum suorum ‥ nobis ‥ dampnum vel molestiam non facient RScot 751b.  c respondit ‥ talia per resurrectionem et splendorem Dei pronuntians, quod soleret ex industria talia ~a facere quae ipso hiatu oris terrificum quiddam auditorum mentibus insonarent W. Malm. GR III 281. 2 mystery, something that is not understood by human reason. quis victoribus solum et in tricentenario numero, hoc est Trinitatis ~o ‥ sacrificium offerens Gildas EB 69; p675 Dominicae incarnationis ~um et passionis patibulum ac resurrectionis tropeum voce libera per populum praedicabo Aldh. Ep. 4 p. 486; juxta sui nominis [i. e. Felix] ~um ‥ ad fidem et opera justitiae, ac perpetuae felicitatis dona perduxit Bede HE II 15; c1102 vide subtile ~um: eo tempore prolatam esse ultionem incesti sororum cum patre impudicarum H. Los. Ep. 6; sacre scripture mysteria et arcana fidei ~a R. Bury Phil. 11. 168. 3 sacrament: a (of Old Testament); b (Christian); c (spec. as seven or two). d element of sacrament. a propter ‥ ~um sabbati, quod in Veteri Testamento servabatur Bede Gen. 164D; mutentur ‥ pro tempore ~a. olim misisti Abraham, postea Moysen cum cultello circumcisionis P. Blois Serm. 7. 585A; Christus ‥ ~a veteris legis observavit Gros. Cess. Leg. I 10 p. 66.  b quidquid ‥ in ~o vel ministerio sanctae catholicae ecclesiae gesta sunt, adque in augmento filiorum Dei peracta sunt Theod. Laterc. 22; 1006 in coena Domini crisma ab episcopo sacrandum est, quia eo die ~a aecclesiae Dominus discipulis contradidit Comp. Swith. 186; queritur vestra reverentia de ~is ecclesiae Anselm (Sacr.) II 240; 1236 invenimus ‥ pro pecunia non soluta denegari ~a ecclesiastica et etiam in die Pasche ~um Eucharistie Gros. Ep. 22 p. 76; Agnes ‥ usque ad mortem infirmata ‥ omnibus ~is ecclesiasticis inuncta Mir. Montf. 77; 1325 capellano ‥ quia ministravit villanis de W. in ~is ecclesiasticis Pri. Cold. app. II iii.  c idem namque septiformis ~orum numerus sacrosanctis testamentorum oraculis frequentissime adstipulatur Aldh. Met. 1; 1219 sunt autem vij ~a quorum v omnibus fidelibus communia sunt et necessaria ‥ baptisma ‥ confirmatio ‥ penitentia ‥ eukaristia ‥ extrema unctio ‥ ordo et conjugium ‥ vij articuli sequentes sunt vij ~a Gros. Templ. 3. 4; duo ‥ ~a, quae eo nomine proprie censenda sint, agnoscimus, baptismum et eucharistiam Jewel Apol. B4v.  d de latere ejus in cruce dormientis exivit sanguis et aqua, de quibus ~is nascitur ac nutritur ecclesia Bede Gen. 38B; iratus sibi juramentum ad ~a que tangebat fecit, nullo se amplius pacto id genus cibi comesurum W. Malm. GP IV 137; agitur in altari celeste mysterium, manibus sacerdotis divina ~a tractantur Ailr. Ed. Conf. 760C; in extenta enim aree cortina ponuntur a patre regia et secularia ornamenta et in medio ecclesiastica ~a, textus evangelii, calix et patena Brev. Hyda f. 265; ~um post consecracionem non remanet pure panis Wycl. Blasph. 249. 4 (other eccl. rite). dicitur quoque ~um alicujus rei sacratio Lanfr. Corp. & Sang. 423B; ad divina ~a, viz. matutinas horas, vesperas, et missas ibidem dicenda et celebranda Entries 202rb.

săcrāmentum, (9) ī, n. (sacro), ¶ 1 enjeu [consigné entre les mains des Pontifes par les parties qui plaidaient (procédure per sacramentum ) ; lʼenjeu du perdant était employé au service des dieux, Fest. 344 ; ou acquis au trésor public Varro L. 5, 180 ] ; sacramentum justum judicare Cic. Cæc. 97 ; injustum Cic. Domo 78, juger la revendication (la prétention) juste, injuste ; justo sacramento contendere Cic. de Or. 1, 42, soutenir légitimement, avec raison ¶ 2 serment militaire : sacramentum apud aliquem dicere Cæs. C. 1, 23, 5, prononcer le serment devant qqn ; alicui Tac. Ann. 1, 28, prêter le serment à qqn ; consulis sacramento rogare Cæs. G. 6, 1, 2, enrôler au moyen du serment prêté au consul, cf. Liv. 40, 26, 7 ; adigere sacramento Othonis Tac. H. 1, 76, faire prêter serment de fidélité à Othon, cf. Tac. H. 2, 55, etc.; sacramento dicere Liv. 25, 5, 8, sʼengager par serment [parler suivant la formule du serment] ; sacramento dicere consulibus Liv. 24, 8, 19, prêter serment aux consuls ¶ 3 [en gén.] serment : Hor. O. 2, 17, 10 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 10, 96, 7 ; Petr. 117, 5 ¶ 4 a) mystère ; b) sacrement : Eccl.

sacramentum , i. n.
發誓。兵誓。原吿于司敎手當之銀。訟。Sacramento justo contendere 公道之訟。Sacramento solvi 免誓。免當兵。Obligare eum sacramento 命發當兵之誓。

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*sacramentum, i. n.
密事。聖事。聖體。

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sacrāmentum ī, n

• sacro.—In law, a sum deposited by a party in a civil process, as security for a future judgment, forfeit money, guaranty: de multā et sacramento comitiis ferre: ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, you may assert under forfeit, i. e. lay a wager.—A wager of law, civil process in which the loser forfeits a deposit, law-suit: re deliberatā, sacramentum nostrum iustum iudicaverunt: quibuscum iusto sacramento contendere, i. e. on equal terms.—An oath: perfidum dicere sacramentum, H.—The voluntary oath of recruits, preliminary engagement: iure iurando adacti milites . . . nam ad eam diem nihil praeter sacramentum fuerat, L.—The military oath of allegiance: milites sacramentum apud se dicere iubet, to take the oath of allegiance, Cs.: sacramento dicere, L.: omnes sacramento rogare, swear in, L.: eum obligare militiae sacramento.

SACRAMENTUM

SACRAMENTUM[JUSJURANDUM; VINDICIAE. ]

Sacramentum

The Roman term for the military oath of allegiance, originally the preliminary engagement entered upon with the general by newly enlisted troops ( De Off. i. 11. 36; Livy, xxii. 38. 2). The oath was taken first by the legates and tribunes. These officers then administered it to the soldiers in the following manner: one soldier in each legion recited the formula of the oath, and the rest were called up by name, and, coming forward one by one, swore to the same oath with the words idem in me—i. e. “the same (holds good) for me.” The oath remained in force only till the next campaign, and whenever there was a new general a new oath was taken. After the introduction of the twenty years' service by Marius (about B.C. 100), the men raised for service took the oath, not one by one, but all together and for the whole time of service, in the name of the State, afterwards in that of the emperor.

Sacramentum in the oldest and most general form of civil lawsuit, named after it legis actio per sacramentum, is a deposit made beforehand by the parties in the suit. It was originally five sheep or five oxen, according to the value of the object in dispute, afterwards a sum of money at the rate of ten asses for each sheep and one hundred for each ox. The deposit was given back to the successful party, while that of the loser was originally applied to religious purposes; afterwards it went to the aerarium, or public treasury. See ius iurandum.