Apollonides

• A ruler of Chios in the time of Alexander the Great, Curt. 4, 5.—
• II A famous Greek graver, Plin. 37, 1, 4, § 8.—
• III A writer in the time of Tiberius, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 17.

(Ἀπολλωνίδης), or Apollo'nidas.

1. Governor of Argos, who was raised to this office by Cassander. In the year B. C. 315, he invaded Arcadia. and got possession of the town of Stymphalus. The majority of the Argives were hostile towards Cassander, and while Apollonides was engaged in Arcadia, they inv ted Alexander, the son of Polysperchon, and promised to surrender their town to him. But Alexander was not quick enough in his movements, and Apollonides, who seems to have been informed of the plan, suddenly returned to Argos. About 500 senators were at the time assembled in the prytaneum : Apollonides had all the doors of the house well guarded, that none of them might escape, and then set fire to it, so that all perished in the flames. The other Argives who had taken part in the conspiracy were partly exiled and partly put to death. (Diod. 19.63.)

2. A Bboeotian, an officer in the Greek army which supported the claims of Cyrus the Younger. He was a man of no courage, and the difficulties which the Greeks had to encounter led him to oppose Xenophon, and to urge the necessity of entering into friendly relations with king Artaxerxes. He was rebuked by Xenophon, and deprived of his office for having said things unworthy of a Greek. (Xenoph. Anab. 3.1.26, &c.)

3. Of Cardia, to whom Philip of Macedonia assigned for his private use the whole territory of the Chersonesus. (Demosth. de Halones. p. 86.) Apollonides was afterwards sent by Charidemus as ambassador to Philip. (Demosth. c. Aristocr. p. 681.)

4. Of Chios, was during the eastern expedition of Alexander the Great one of the leaders of the Persian party in his native island; but while Alexander was in Egypt, Apollonides was consquered by the king's admirals, Hegelochus and Amphoterus. He and several of his partizans were taken prisoners and sent to Elephantine in Egypt, where they were kept in close imprisonm ent. (Arrian, Arr. Anab. 3.2; Curtius, 4.5.)

5. Of Nicaea, lived in the time of the emperor Tiberius, to whom he dedicated a Commentary on the Silli of Timon. (D. L. 9.109.) He wrote several works, all of which are lost.-- 1. A commentary on Demosthenes' oration περὶ παραπρεσβείας. (Ammon. s. v. ὄφλειν.) 2. On fictitious stories (περὶ κατεψενσμένων), of which the third and eighth books are mentioned. (Ammon. s. v. κατοίκησις; Anonym. in Vita Arati.) 3. A work on proverbs. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Τέρινα.) 4. A work on Ion, the tragic poet. (Harpocrat. s. v. Ἴων.) An Apollonides, without any statement as to what was his native country, is mentioned by Strabo (vii. p.309, xi. pp. 523, 528), Pliny (Plin. Nat. 7.2), and by the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius (4.983, 1174; comp. 2.964), as the author of a work called περίπλος τῆς Εὐρώπης. Stobaeus (Florileg. 67.3, 6) quotes some senarii from one Apollonides.

6. An Olynthian general who used his influence at Olynthus against Philip of Macedonia. The king, with the assistance of his intriguing agents in that town, contrived to induce the people to send Apollonides into exile. (Demosth. Philip. iii. pp. 125, 128.) Apollonides went to Athens, where he was honoured with the civic franchise; but being found unworthy, he was afterwards deprived of it. (Demosth. c. Neaer. p. 1376.)

7. Surnamed Orapius or Horapius, wrote a work on Egypt, entitled Semenuthi (Σεμενουθί), and seems also to have composed other works on the history and religion of the Egyptians. (Theophil. Alex. 2.6; comp. Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 396, ed. Westermann.)

8. Of Sicyon. When in B. C. 186 the great congress was held at Megalopolis, and king Eumenes wished to form an alliance with the Achaeans, and offered them a large sum of money as a present with a view of securing their favour, Apollonides of Sicyon strongly opposed the Achaeans' accepting the money, as something unworthy of them, and which would expose them to the influence of the king. He was supported by some other distinguished Achaeans, and they magnanimously refused accepting the money. (Plb. 23.8.) At this congress Roman ambassadors also had been present, and after their return, Spartan and Achaean ambassadors went to Rome, B. C. 185. Among the latter was Apollonides, who endeavoured to explain to the Roman senate the real state of affairs at Sparta, against the Spartan ambassadors, and to vindicate the conduct of Philopoemen and the Achaeans against the charges of the Spartans. (Plb. 23.11, 12.) At the outbreak of the war between the Romans and Perseus of Macedonia, Apollonides advised his countrymen not to oppose the Romans openly, but at the same time he censured severely those who were for throwing themselves into their hands altogether. (Plb. 28.6.)

9. A Spartan who was appointed in B. C. 181 one of the treasurers to check the system of squandering the public money which had been carried on for some time by Chaeron, a low demagogue. As Apolloides was the person whom Chaeron had most to fear, he had him assassinated by his emissaries. (Plb. 25.8; Chaeron.)

10. A Stoic philosopher, with whom Cato the Younger conversed on the subject of suicide shortly before he committed this act at Utica. (Plut. Cat. Mi. 65, 66, 69.)

11. A Syracusan, who, during the dissensions among his fellow-citizens, in the time of the second Punic war, as to whether they were to join the Carthaginians or the Romans, insisted upon the necessity of acting with decision either the one or the other way, as division on this point would lead to inevitable ruin. At the same time, he suggested that it would be advantageous to remain faithful to the Romans. (Liv. 24.28.)

12. A Tragic poet, concerning whom nothing is known. Two verses of one of his dramas are preserved in Clemens of Alexandria Paedagog. 3.12) and Stobaeus. (Sermon. 76.) [L.S]

(Ἀπολλωνίδης).

1. A Greek physician and surgeon, was born at Cos, and, like many other of his countrymen, went to the court of Persia, under Artaxerxes Longimanus, B. C. 465 --425. Here he cured Megabyzus, the king's brother-in-law, of a dangerous wound, but was afterwards engaged in a sinful and scandalous amour with his wife, Amytis, who was herself a most profligate woman. For this offence Apollonides was given up by Artaxerxes into the hands of his mother, Amestris, who tortured him for about two months, and at last, upon the death of her daughter, ordered him to be buried alive. (Ctesias, De Reb. Pers. §§ 30, 42, pp. 40, 50, ed. Lion.)

2. Another Greek physician, who must have lived in the first or second century after Christ, as he is said by Galen (de Caus. Puls. 3.9, vol. ix. pp. 138, 139) to have differed from Archigenes respecting the state of the pulse during sleep. No other particulars are known of his history; but he is sometimes confounded with Apollonius of Cyprus, a mistake which has arisen from reading Ἀπολλωνίδον instead of Ἀπολλωνίδον in the passage of Galen where the latter physician is mentioned. [Apollonius Cyprius.] He may perhaps be the same person who is mentioned by Artemidorus (Oneirocr. 4.2), and Aetius (tetrab. ii. serm. 4.100.48. p. 403), in which last passage the name is spelled Apolloniades. (Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 74, ed. vet.) [W.A.G]