Longus

(Λόγγος), a Greek sophist, who is believed to have lived in the fourth or at the beginning of the fifth century of our era. Concerning his history nothing is known, but it is probable that he lived after the time of Heliodorus, for there are some passages in his work which seem to be imitations of Heliodorus of Emesa. Works Daphis and Chloe

Longus is one of the erotic writers whom we meet with at the close of ancient and the beginning of middle age history. His work bears the title Ποιμενικῶν τών κατὰ Δάφνιν καὶ Χλόην, or in Latin, Pastoralia de Daphnde et Chloe, and is written in pleasing and elegant prose, but is not free from the artificial embellishments peculiar to that age. Editions

It was first printed at Florence (1598, 4to), with various readings, by Columbanius.

A very good edition is that of Jungermann (Hanau, 1605, 8vo.), with a Latin translation and short notes. Among the more recent editions we may mention those of B. G. L. Boden (Lips. 1777, 8vo., with a Lat. transl. and notes), Villoison (Paris, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo. and 4to., with a very much improved text), Mitscherlich (Bipont. 1794, 8vo., printed together with the Ephesiaca of Xenophon, and a Lat. transl. of both), G. H. Schaefer (Lips. 1803, 8vo.), F. Passow (Lips. 1811, 12mo., with a German transl.), and of E. Seiler (Lips. 1843, 8vo.). Translations

There is an English translation of Longus by G. Thornley, London, 1657, 8vo. [L.S]

was one of the first three consular tribunes, elected B. C. 444. In consequence of a defect in the auspices, he and his colleagues resigned, and consuls were appointed in their stead. (Liv. 4.7; Dionys. A. R. 11.61.)

praefect of the camp, whom the soldiers of Vitellius, A. D. 69, chose as one of their leaders in the mutiny against Alienus Caecina, when he prematurely declared for Vespasian. (Tac. Hist. 3.14.)

[Considius, No. 9.]

consular tribune B. C. 399, with five colleagues. (Liv. 5.13; Diod. 14.54; Fasti Capitol.)

one of the most intimate friends of Tiberius, and the only one of the senators who accompanied him to Rhodes, when Augustus obliged him to withdraw from his court. On his death in A. D. 23, Tiberius honoured him, although he was a novus homo, with a censor's funeral, and other distinctions. (Tac. Ann. 4.15.)

[Vulso.]

not mentioned by ancient writers, but whose name frequently occurs on the coins of Julius Caesar and the triumvirs.

1. Ti. Sempronius Longus, C. F. C. N., consul with P. Cornelius Scipio B. C. 218, the first year of the second Punic war. Sicily was assigned to him as his province, since the Romans did not dream that Hannibal would be able to cross the Alps, and invade Italy itself. Sempronius accordingly crossed over to Sicily, and began to prosecute the war against the Carthaginians with vigour. He conquered the island of Melita, which was held by a Carthaginian force, and on his return to Lilybaeum was preparing to go in search of the enemy's fleet, which was cruising off the northern coast of Sicily and Italy, when he was summoned to join his colleague in Italy, in order to oppose Hannibal As it was now winter, Sempronius feared to sail through the Adriatic, and, accordingly, he crossed over the straits of Messana with his troops, and in forty years marched through the whole length of Italy to Ariminum. From this place he effected a junction with his colleague, who was posted on the hills on the left bank of the Trebia. As Sempronius was eager for an engagement, and Hannibal was no less anxious, a general battle soon ensued, in which the Romans were completely defeated, with heavy loss, and the two consuls took refuge within the walls of Placentia. (Liv. 21.6, 17, 51_56; Plb. 3.40, 41, 60_75; Appian, Annib. 6, 7.)

Sempronius Longus afterwards commanded in Southern Italy, and defeated Hanno [Hanno, No. 15] near Grumentum in Lucania, B. C. 215. (Liv. 23.37.) He was decemvir sacris faciundis, and died B. C. 210. (Liv. 27.6.)

2. Ti. Sempronius TI. F. C. N. Longus, son of the preceding, seems to have been elected decemvir sacris faciundis in place of his father in B. C. 210, and likewise augur in the same year, in place of T. Otacilius Crassus. Livy (27.6) speaks of the augur and decemvir as Ti. Sempronius Ti f. Lonyus; and though it is rather strange that he should have obtained the augurate before he had held any of the higher magistracies, yet we must suppose him to be the same as the subject of the following notice, since Livy gives his name with so much accuracy, and we know of no one else of the same name at this time. He was tribune of the plebs B. C. 210, curule aedile B. C. 197, and in the same year one of the triumviri for establishing colonies at Puteoli, Buxentum, and various other places in Italy; praetor B. C. 196, with Sardinia as his province, which was continued to him another year; and consul B. C. 194 with P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus. In his consulship he assisted as triumvir in founding the colonies which had been determined upon in B. C. 197, and he fought against the Boii with doubtful success. In the year after his consulship, B. C. 193, he served as legate to the consul L. Cornelius Merula, in his campaign against the Boii, and in B. C. 191 he served as legate to the consul M'. Acilius Glabrio, in his campaign against Antiochus in Greece. In B. C. 184 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the censorship. (Liv. 31.20, 32.27, 29, 33.24, 26, 43, 34.42, 45, 46, 47, 35.5, 36.22, 39.40.) He died B. C. 174. (Liv. 41.21.)

3. C. Sempronius Longus was elected decemvir sacris faciundis in the place of Ti. Sempronius Longus [No. 2], who died in the great pestilence B. C. 174. (Liv. 41.21.) He may have been a son of No. 2, and thus succeeded his father in the priestly office.

4. P. Sempronius Longus, praetor B. C. 184, obtained Further Spain as his province. (Liv. 39.32, 38.)

1. Q. Sulpicius Longus, one of the consular tribunes B. C. 390, the year in which Rome was taken by the Gauls. He is mentioned two or three times in the legends of the period, and is said to have been the tribune who made the agreement with Brennus for the withdrawal of his troops. (Liv. 5.36, 47, 48; Diod. 14.110; Macrob. Saturn. 1.16.)

2. C. Sulpiciu Ser, F. Q. N. Longus, grandson of the preceding, was a distinguished commander in the war against the Samnites. He was consul for the first time, B. C. 337, with P. Aelius Paetus; for the second time, in B. C. 323, with Q. Aulius Cerretanus; and for the third time, B. C. 314, with M. Poetelius Libo. In the last year Sulpicius, with his colleague Poetelius, gained a great and decisive victory over the Samnites not far from Caudium; but it appears from the Triumphal Fasti that Sulpicius alone triumphed. (Liv. 8.15, 37, 9.24-27; Diod. 17.17, 18.26, 19.73.) It is conjectured from a few letters of the Capitoline Fasti, which are mutilated in this year, that Sulpicius was censor in B. C. 319; and we know from the Capitoline Fasti that he was dictator in B. C. 312.

consul, B. C. 500, with Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus in the tenth year of the republic. For the events of the year see Camerinus, No. 1. Tullius died in his year of office. (Liv. 2.19; Dionys. A. R. 5.52; Zonar. 7.13; Cic. Brut. 16.)

a Latin grammarian. Works De Orthographia

He is known to us from a treatise De Orthographia, still extant. Other Works

He was older than Charisius, who refers to his writings twice; first (1.18.2) to some work of which the title has not been preserved, and afterwards (2.9.4) to notes on the second book of the Aeneid. In a third reference (2.13.149) to certain observations on Lucretius, his name is an interpolation. The commentary on Virgil is mentioned by Macrobius (Macr. 3.6) as if it were one of the earlier compilations of this class (hunc multi alii commentatores secuti sunt), is noticed by Servius also (Ad Virg. Aen. 10.145), and in the collection of scholiasts upon Virgil published by Mai at Milan in 1818 from a Verona palimpsest. (Suringar, Hist. Scholiast. Lat. p. 184.) Editions

The De Orthographia was brought to light by George Merula, and published by Fulvius Ursinus in his " Notae ad M. Varronem de Re Rustica," 8vo. Rom. 1587. It will be found in the " Grammaticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui " of Putschius, 4to. Hanov. 1605, p. 2214-2239. [W.R]

LONGUS in North Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (Ptol. 2.3) as a river to the north of the Epidian Promontory (Mull of Cantyre). Identified in the Monumenta Britannica with Lynneloch, Innerlochy, and Loch Melfort.

(1) (Λόγγος). A writer who probably lived in the third century A.D. He was the author of a Greek pastoral romance, Daphnis and Chloë, in four books. It is considered the best of all ancient romances which have come down to us, on account of its deep and natural feeling, its grace of narrative, and the comparative purity and ease of its language. It has suggested many imitations by Italian, French, German, and English writers, the more famous being Bernardin de St. Pierre's Paul et Virginie. The rare translation by John Day of the French version of Amyot was reprinted in 1890. The Greek text is edited by Hirschig with a Latin version in the Erotici Scriptores of the Didot collection (Paris, 1856). Translation by Smith (London, 1855). See novels and romances.

(2) P. Considius. A propraetor in Africa, who left his province shortly before the breaking out of the Civil War, B.C. 49, intrusting the government to Q. Ligarius. He returned to Africa soon afterwards, and held Adrumetum for the Pompeian party. After the defeat of the Pompeians at Thapsus, he attempted to fly into Mauretania, but was murdered by the Gaetulians (Pseud. Bell. Afr. 93).