Posidonius
- a celebrated Stoic at Rhodes, a disciple of Panaetius and instructor of Cicero, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 2; id. Off. 3, 2, 8; id. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Div. 1, 3, 6 al.
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…haec, Amphiara e sub terram a bdite Zenonem significabat, a quo illum degenerare dolebat. at non noster Posidonius ; quem et ipse saepe vidi et id dicam, quod solebat narrare Pompeius, se, cum Rhodum venisset…
M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes
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…refertae philosophorum sententiis et doctissimorum hominum familiaritates, quibus semper domus nostra floruit, et principes illi Diodotus Philo Antiochus Posidonius, a quibus instituti sumus. et si omnia philosophiae praecepta referuntur ad vitam, arbitramur nos et publicis et…
M. Tullius Cicero, de Natura Deorum
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…natura deorum et duorum librorum de divinatione conf. de divin. II cap ., et hac disputatione contra Posidonium suscepta, cuius ipsum principium amissum est, docere conatur, si fati nullum esset nomen, nulla natura et…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Fato
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…et id dicam, quod solebat narrare Pompeius, se, cum Rhodum venisset decedens ex Syria, audire voluisse Posidonium ; sed cum audisset eum graviter esse aegrum, quod vehementer eius artus laborarent, voluisse tamen nobilissimum philosophum visere…
M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes
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…; nam et prognosticorum causas persecuti sunt et Boethus Stoicus, qui est a te nominatus, et noster etiam Posidonius, et, si causae non reperiantur istarum rerum, res tamen ipsae observari animadvertique possunt. Nattae vero statua…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione
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…se scripsit dicturum nec exsolvit id, quod promiserat. Quod eo magis miror, quia scriptum a discipulo eius Posidonio est triginta annis vixisse Panaetium, posteaquam illos libros edidisset. Quen locum miror a Posidonio breviter esse tactum in…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis
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…tertiam ; praeterea in extremo libro tertio de hac parte pollicetur se deinceps esse dicturum. Accedit eodem testis locuples Posidonius, qui etiam scribit in quadarn epistula P. Rutilium Rufum dicere solere, qui Panaetium audierat, ut nemo…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis
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…fortuita quaedam esse possunt, ut in illo naufrago, ut in Icadio, ut in Daphita ; quaedam etiam Posidonius pace magistri dixerim comminisci videtur ; sunt quidem absurda. Quid enim si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere atque…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Fato
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…scriptum a discipulo eius Posidonio est triginta annis vixisse Panaetium, posteaquam illos libros edidisset. Quen locum miror a Posidonio breviter esse tactum in quibusdam commentariis, praesertim cum scribat nullum esse locum in tota philosophia tam necessarium. Minime…
M. Tullius Cicero, De Officiis
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…quod honestum virtus, malum nihil nisi quod turpe vitium, culpa sqq. sec. Stoicos, sec. Posidonium, etiam sec. Platonem bona omnia quae natura adsciscit, sed cum virtute comparata reliqua perexigua sqq. cf…
M. Tullius Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes
(Ποσειδώνιος). (1) A Stoic philosopher, a native of Apamea in Syria, and the last of the Stoics who belongs to the history of the Greek philosophy. He taught at Rhodes with such great success that Pompey came there, on his return from Syria, after the close of the Mithridatic War, for the purpose of attending his lectures. When the Roman commander arrived at his house, he forbade his lictor to knock, as was usual, at the door; the hero, who had subdued the Eastern and Western world, paid homage to philosophy by lowering the fasces at the gate of Posidonius (Cic. Tusc. ii. 25; Pliny, Epist. vi. 30). Posidonius studied natural as well as moral science; and, in order to represent the celestial phenomena, he constructed a kind of planetarium, by means of which he exhibited the apparent motions of the sun, moon, and planets round the earth (Cic. N. D. ii. 34). Cicero says that he himself attended upon this philosopher (N. D. i. 3). Posidonius was also known as an historical writer, having composed a supplement to the history of Polybius (Ἱστορία τῶν μετὰ Πολύβιον). It appears to have extended to B.C. 63, or the close of the Mithridatic War. This work is lost, but was one of Plutarch's sources. The fragments are edited by Bake (Leyden, 1810).
(2) An astronomer and mathematician of Alexandria. He was the disciple of Zeno, and contemporary with, or else a short time posterior to, Eratosthenes. He probably flourished about B.C. 260. He is particularly celebrated on account of his having employed himself in endeavouring to ascertain the measure of the circumference of the earth by means of the altitude of a fixed star.