Senones
- A people in Gallia Lugdunensis, whose chief city was Agendicum, now Sens, Caes. B. G. 5, 54; 5, 56; 6, 2 sq.; 6, 44; 7, 4 al.; Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107; Juv. 8, 234; Sil. 4, 160; Eutr. 10, 7.—In sing.: Sĕno, ŏnis, m., one of the Senones: Drappeten Senonem, Hirt. B. G. 8, 30.—
- II A people in Gallia Cisalpina, sprung from the above, Liv. 5, 35; 10, 26; Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116.
- —Hence, Sĕnŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Senones: bellum, Gell. 17, 21, 21.
- 1. aan de bovenloop v.d. Seine bij Sens;
- 2. in Gallia cispadana, het huidige N.-Italië; — adj. Sēnōnicus en Senonicus, a, um.
SE´NONES (Σένονες, Σέννονες, Steph. B. s. v.). Polybius (Plb. 2.17) names the Italian Senones, Σήνωνες. The Roman poets make the penultima short:-- Ut Braccatorum pueri Senonumque minores.( Juven. 8.234.)
An absurd explanation of the name is quoted by Festus (s. v. Senones) and by Servius (ad Aen. 8.656).
The Senones were one of the great Celtic nations who bordered on the Belgae. (Caes. B. G. 2.2.) They were north-west of the Aedui and bordered on them. Their capital was Agedincum (Sens), on the right bank of the Yonne, which is a branch of the Seine. (Ptol. 2.8.12.) The Senones are in the Lugdunensis of Ptolemy and Pliny. Besides Agedincum there were in the country of the Senones, Autissiodurum (Auxerre) and Melodunum (Melun) on the Seine not far from Paris, which shows that their territory extended from the neighbourhood of Paris along the Seine and along the Yonne to the borders of the small nation of the Mandubii [MANDUBII], whose town was Alesia, and to the borders of the Lingones. The railroad from Paris to Dijon, which passes near Melun, Fontainebleau, Sens, Joigny, St. Florentin, Tonnerre on the Armançon, a branch of the Yonne, runs through the country of the Senones. Between St. Florentin and Flogny, which is about half-way between St. Florentin and Tonnerre, extends a vast plain, level as the sea, fertile, and in summer covered with wheat. A large part of the territory of the Senones is a fertile country. In seems to have comprehended the dioceses of Sens and Auxerre. Besides Melodunum and Agedincum, Caesar mentions Vellaunodunum as a town of the Senones (7.11), on the side towards the Carnutes.
The Senones were at first well disposed to Caesar (B. G. 2.2), probably through fear of their neighbours, the Belgae and the German people north of the Marne. Caesar had given them Cavarinus for a king, but the Senones expelled him (5.54); and when the Roman proconsul ordered the senate of the Senones to come to him, they refused. In the spring of B.C. 53 Caesar summoned the states of Gallia to a meeting, but the Senones, Carnutes, and Treviri would not come (6.3), upon which he transferred the meeting of the states to Lutetia Parisiorum. He says that the Parisii bordered on the Senones, and within the memory of their fathers they had united their state with that of the Senones;b ut he does not explain the nature of this union. He marched from Lutetia (Paris) into the country of the Senones, which presents no difficulties for an army. The Senones yielded in spite of Acco, who was the leader in the revolt; and Caesar took with him Cavarinus and the cavalry of the Senones, in which force it is probable that they were strong, as their country is well adapted for grazing and corn. At the close of the year Caesar whipped Acco to death, and quartered six of his legions at Sens for the winter (6.44). In B.C. 52 the Senones sent 12,000 men with the rest of the Gallic forces to attack Caesar before Alesia (7.75). The Senones seem to have given. Caesar no more trouble; but in B.C. 51 Drappes, a Senon, at the head of a number of desperate men, was threatening the Provincia. Drappes was caught and starved himself to death. (B. G. 8.30, 44.)
[G.L]SENONES (Σήνωνες), a nation of Gaulish origin, which was settled in Italy, on the coast of the Adriatic, extending from the river Aesis (Esino), a few miles N. of Ancona, to the Utis (Montone). (Liv. 5.35.) The history of their migration from Transalpine Gaul, their settlement in Italy, and their wars with the Romans, which ended in the extermination of the whole nation, are fully related under the article GALLIA CISALPINA(pp. 936--938). After the conquest of the Senones, and their expulsion from their lands on the Adriatic, two colonies were founded in their territory, the one at Sena, the other at Ariminum; and at a later period the remainder of their lands was portioned out among the Roman citizens by an agrarian law of the tribune C. Flaminius. This district, which still retained the name of the Gallicus ager,w as afterwards considered as a part of Umbria, and included for all administrative purposes under that appellation. Its topography will therefore be most conveniently given in the article UMBRIA
[E.H.B]A powerful people in Gallia Lugdunensis, dwelling along the upper course of the Sequana (Seine). Their chief town was Agendicum, afterwards called Senones (Sens) (Caes. B. G. ii. 2). A portion of this people crossed the Alps about B.C. 400, in order to settle in Italy, and took up their abode on the Adriatic Sea between the rivers Utis and Aesis (between Ravenna and Ancona), after expelling the Umbrians. In this country they founded the town of Sena. They not only extended their ravages into Etruria, but marched against Rome and took the city, B.C. 390. From this time we find them engaged in constant hostilities with the Romans, till they were at length completely subdued, and the greater part of them destroyed by the consul Dolabella in B.C. 283. See Gallia.