clima

clĭma, ătis (abl. plur. climatis, Firm. Math. 2, 13), n., = κλίμα (prop. the inclination, slope; hence, cf. Lidd. and Scott under κλίμα, II.),

• I A clime, climate (late Lat.), App. Trism. p. 98, 23; Mart. Cap. 8, § 859; Tert. Anim. 49; Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 246 (in Vitr. 1, 1, 10, used as Greek).—
• • B In gen. for region, part: clima medium ventris, Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 43, 3.—
• II A land measure of 60 feet square, Col. 5, 1, 5.

clīma, atis, n. (κλιμα), I) (eig. die Neigung der Erde gegen die Pole zu vom Äquator an, Himmelsgegend, lat. inclinatio caeli, griech. b. Vitr. 1, 1, 10; dah.) die sich nach dem Grade dieser Neigung richtende Wärme od. Witterung, das Klima (rein lat. caelum), erst im Spätlat. b. Apul. u.a. (im Sing. u. Plur.). – dah. Gegend übh., Firm. math. 2, 13 in. Tert. de anim. 49. Mart. Cap. 8. § 296 u.a.: auch des Körpers, c. medium ventris, Veget. mul. 1, 43, 2. – II) ein Feldmaß von 20 m ins Gevierte, Col. 5, 1, 5. Gromat. vet. 371, 11 u. ö.

1 clima [κλίμα] 1 (astr.) ‘climate’, zone (of latitude or (?) longitude). b region (of the heavens). c ‘clime’, region (of earth). d region (of country). 1184 in quinto ~ate ‥ destruetur penitus Meca (Lit. Astrologi) R. Howd. II 291 (cf. Gir. PI III 6: quintum ~a et loca huic vicina potissime invadet [intemperies]); astronomi dicunt mutari clima Tholose Garl. Tri. Eccl. 82; regio septentrionalis dividitur in septem ~ata; et dicitur ~a tantum spatium terre per quod sensibiliter variatur horologium Gros. 24; ultra ‥ septimi ~atis terminum, licet ‥ sint ‥ hominum habitationes, quicquid tamen sit sub ~ate non computatur Sacrob. Sph. 112 (cf. (v. dia 2)); ejus [Ptolemei] et Alfragani et aliorum divisio [mundi] magis nota est per septem ~ata famosa. ~a vero apud eos est spatium terre in quo dies prolixior excedit per dim. horam diem prolixiorem alterius partis terre, vel exceditur ab eodem Bacon Maj. I 295; fere tota Anglia est extra ~a; et hujus causa est non propter malam ejus habitationem ‥ sed ‥ propter hoc quia non fuit habitata tempore divisionis ~atum Rob. Angl. (II) 13 p. 187; Alania ‥ est regio latissima, multas et sevas continens barbaricas nationes sub frigido ~ate constituta Bart. Angl. XV 11; 1427 ut intonuit auribus meis vox vestri ‥ adventus ad partes istas extra ~ata quodammodo constitutas Cop. Pri. S. Andr. 139.  b deserto climate caeli Aldh. VirgV 2741; ~a, half ‥, †cumma, ascensio GlC C 494, 452; ut nonnulla ‥ australis sidera ~atis nobis numquam pareant Bede TR 32; c745 licet ‥ caeli inaequali clymmate †dirimemur [v. l. dirimamur] (Dan. Wint.) Ep. Bonif. 64; 9‥ ~a, i. plaga, ascensio, epl, ‥ ~atibus, hwealfum WW; vidit [Dunstanus] eminus ex orientis caeli ~atibus prorumpentem niveam columbam B. V. Dunst. 11.  c a690 ex Hiberniae brumosis circionis insulae ~atibus Aldh. Ep. 5; Dei per climata testis Frith. 25; †966 (15c) imperante ‥ Jhesu Christo ‥, qui ‥ tractat suo nutu mundi ~ata universa CS 1178; 991 noverint omnes ‥ fideles ‥ utriusque ordinis per ~ata saeculi dilatati (Lit. Papae) Mem. Dunst. 397; per aestus et frigora ‥ mundi pervagatur ~ata Gosc. Mir. Iv. lxvii; c1100 in Cumbria, ‥ fide catholica in illis ~atibus prius exuberante Reg. Glasg. 5; 1189 cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terre / climata, terra modo sufficit octo pedum (Epitaph. Hen. II) Diceto YH 65; s1241 fama diatim accrescens Christianorum ~ata pervolavit M. Par. Min. II 456; quorum stirps mundi climata Marte domat Garl. Tri. Eccl. 21; per universa habitationis humane ~ata Ad. Marsh Ep. 246 c. 2 p. 421; a1350 multa loca per orbis ~ata ‥ scienciarum studiis floruisse leguntur StatOx 17; s1473 pacantur hec duo ~ata nostris viciniora [sc. Scotorum et Teutonicorum] Croyl. Cont. C 558.  d s893 Haesten ‥ per totas Merciorum partes populatur saevus quoad Brittannum fines venere quibus dat subpetias exercitus adhaerens tunc ~ate in eoo Æthelw. IV 3; s1282 membratim est partitus et per ~ata Anglie ad terrorem malignancium destinatus Ann. Dunstable 294; 1309 hec, licet ‥ per regni hujus ~ata esse publica et notoria dinoscantur Lit. Cant. I 34; 1446 cum per omnia ~ata tocius Britannie ‥ fabula sit ‥ Pri. Cold. 156. 2 quarter, cardinal point. b part or side of city, building, or river lying towards a particular cardinal point. plaga, si ~ata cardinalia designat, pirrichius est Aldh. PR 113; c675 contra gelida brumarum flabra e climate ‥ septentrionali emergentia Id. Ep. 3; ab eodem ~ate flante maximo vento V. Cuthb. II 7; ‘a quattuor ventis’ [Mark xiii 27], a quattuor mundi ~atibus dicit, oriente, occidente, aquilone et austro Bede Mark 264; s793 pagani ex aquilonali ~ate ‥ venientes S. Durh. HR 56; gloria ‥ Thome ‥ cujus splendor orbem illuminans quatuor mundi ~ata in ipsius excitat devotionem A. Tewk. Prol. Thom..  b ‘a secunda’ [sc. porta, Zeph. i 10] secundi muri in eodem ~ate portam significat Bede Ezra 888; dum ‥ veniret ad occidentalia antiquae ecclesiae ~ata B. V. Dunst. 35; in visione ‥ vidit turrem occidentalis ~atis corruisse Byrht. V. Osw. 469; 1002 (12c) vij in occidentali parte fluminis ‥ continens mansas ac duas in orientali ejusdem torrentis ~ate CD 1295; 1257 predium a boreali civitatis ~ate situm Mon. Francisc. II app. 268. 3 (astr.) plate of astrolabe (adjusted to latitude). revolve~ a quousque duo capita [Arietis] directe contra se fuerint Wallingf. (Alb.) I 382.

2 clima v. climax(1b)

clīma, ătis, n. (κλίμα), ¶ 1 inclinaison du ciel, climat [géogr.]; Ps. Apul. Ascl. 35 ; Serv. Georg. 1, 246 || région : Tert. Anim. 49 ¶ 2 mesure agraire : Col. Rust. 5, 1, 5.

clima , atis. n.
六丈四方之地。水土。

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CLIMA

CLIMA(κλίμα), literally a slope or inclination, was used in the mathematical geography of the Greeks

The corresponding Latin word is inclinatio (Vitr. 1.1), also declinatio, devergentia (comp. Aul. Gell. 14.1; Colum. 3.19). Clima was only used at a late period.

with reference to the inclination of various parts of the earth's surface to the plane of the equator. Before the globular figure of the earth was known, it was supposed that there was a general slope of its surface from south to north, and this was called κλίμα. But as the science of mathematical geography advanced, the word was applied to different belts of the earth's surface, which were determined by the different lengths of the longest day at their lines of demarcation. This division into climates was applied only to the northern hemisphere, as the geographers had no practical knowledge of the earth south of the equator.

Hipparchus (about B.C. 160) seems to have been the first who made use of this division; his system is explained at length by Strabo (2. p. 132). Assuming the circumference of a great circle of the earth to be 252,000 stadia, Hipparchus divided this into 360 degrees, of 700 stadia to each; and then, beginning at the parallel of Meroë, and proceeding northwards, he undertook to describe the astronomical phenomena observed at each degree of latitude, or every 700 stadia: among these phenomena he observed that the length of the longest day at Meroë was 13 hours, and at Syene 13 1/2 The observations of later astronomers and geographers--such as Geminus, Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy--are described in the works cited below. Ukert, in a table, shows the climates as given by Ptolemy (Geogr. 1.23). There are nineteen climates, the beginning and middle of which are marked by lines called parallels, of which the first marks the equator, and the thirty-third the Arctic circle. The term κλίμα was afterwards applied to the average temperature of each of these regions, and hence our modern use of the word. (Strab. l. c.; Dionys. 1.9; Plut. Mar. 11, Aem. Paul. 5, Moral. p. 891; Plb. 7.6.1, 10.1.3-Z3; Athen. 12. p. 523 e; Gemin. Elem. Astron. 5; Plin. Nat.2. §§ 73-77; Agathem. 1.3; CellAr. Geog. 1.6; Ukert, Geog. vol. i. pt. 2, pp. 182, &c.)

[P.S]

Clima

(κλίμα). Literally “a slope” or “inclination”; a term used in the mathematical geography of the Greeks with reference to the inclination of various parts of the earth's surface to the plane of the equator. Before the globular figure of the earth was known, it was supposed that there was a general slope of its surface from south to north, and this was called κλίμα. But as the science of mathematical geography advanced, the word was applied to different belts of the earth's surface, which were determined by the different lengths of the longest day at their lines of demarcation. This division into climates was applied only to the northern hemisphere, as the geographers had no practical knowledge of the earth south of the equator. The term κλίμα was afterwards applied to the temperature of these belts; hence the meaning of the modern word climate.

Hipparchus (about B.C. 160) seems to have been the first who made use of this division; his system is explained at length by Strabo (ii. p. 132).

The word clima is found only in the later Latin, the pure Latin term being inclinatio, declinatio, or devergentia.