curia

cūrĭa, ae, f. [kindr. with Quiris, Quirites; cf. the letter C],

• a curia or court, one of the thirty parts into which Romulus divided the Roman people, ten for each of the three tribes; each curia contained ten gentes, Varr. ap. Dion. Hal. 2, 83; Liv. 1, 13, 6; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 2, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 49, 1 Müll.—
• II Meton.
• • A A structure built for the religious services of a curia (sometimes also serving for other purposes), Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.; Fest. p. 174, 6 ib.: veteres, on the east side of the Palatine Hill, Varr. l. l. ib.; Tac. A. 12, 24; called curia prisca, Ov. F. 3, 140; Fest. l. l.: Novae, id. l. l.—
  • • 2 Hence, dies curiae, a festival day, Cic. de Or. 1, 7. 27.—Hence,
  • B One of the edifices in which the Senate held its consultations.
  • • 1 Commonly κατʼ ἐξοχήν, the Curia Hostilia built by Tullus Hostilius (in reference to the later Curia Julia and Pompeiana, v. infra), the Curia, Senate-house, Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.; Liv. 1, 30, 2; Plin. 35, 4, 7, § 22; Varr. L. L. 6, § 46; id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 57, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31; id. Cat. 4, 1, 2; id. Fl. 24, 57; id. Mil. 33, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 47; Ov. M. 15, 802. —
    • 2 Curia Julia, the Senate-house begun by Julius Caesar, finished by the triumvirs, and used by the Senate after the burning of the Curia Hostilia, Suet. Calig. 60.—
    • 3 Curia Pompeii or Pompeja, the Senate-house built by Pompey, finally closed after the assassination of Julius Caesar in it, Cic. Div. 2, 9, 23; Suet. Caes. 80 sq. et saep.—Hence, trop., as emblem of law: stante urbe et curiā, Cic. Planc. 29, 71: pro curia inversique mores, Hor. C. 3, 5, 7; of the senatorial rank: curia pauperibus clausa est, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 55.—
  • C Of the places of assembly of high councils out of Rome, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 50; Liv. 24, 24, 4; Ov. M. 13, 197; Juv. 9, 101.—
  • D The assembly of the Senate, the Senate (cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167): a curiā nulla me res divellet, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 3: aliquem in curiam introducere, Liv. 22, 1, 14; 2, 23, 11 sq.; 2, 24, 3; Suet. Caes. 22; id. Aug. 38; Hor. C. 2, 1, 14 et saep.—
  • E Curia Calabra, so called from the proclamation of the dates which was there made; v. Calabra.—
• F Curia Saliorum, the official building of the Salii on the Palatine Hill, consecrated to Mars, in which the sacred lituus was kept, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30.

cūria, ae, f. (wohl aus *co-viria zu vir), die Kurie, I) eig., eine der 30 Abteilungen der patrizischen Geschlechter, die Romulus anordnete, indem er jede von den 3 Tribus der röm. freien Urbürgerschaft (Patrizier) in 10 Kurien teilte. Jede Kurie (als großer Geschlechterkomplex) zerfiel wieder in 10 Geschlechter (gentes), Liv. 1, 13, 6 sq. Aur. Vict. de vir. ill. 2, 12. Vgl. 1. curio no. I; vgl. übh. den Artikel curia von Kübler u. Hülsen in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. IV, 1815 ff. – II) meton.: A) zunächst der Versammlungsort einer Kurie, das Kuriengebäude, die Kurie, worin die Kurien zusammenkamen, um die heiligen Gebräuche zu beobachten, sich über gemeinschaftliche Angelegenheiten zu besprechen und feierliche Mahlzeiten zu halten, curiae veteres, die alten, ursprünglichen, an der Ostspitze des palatinischen Hügels, Varro LL. 5, 155. Tac. ann. 12, 24. Ov. fast. 3, 140 (curia prisca), im Ggstz. zu den später in der Nähe des compitum Fabricium (in der 1. Region Roms) angelegten curiae novae, Fest. p. 174 (b), 6. – B) übtr., von Versammlungshäusern ähnlicher Art: 1) ein Gebäude für Senatssitzungen, die Kurie, a) curia Hostilia, später auch curia vetus gen. (in der 10. Region auf dem palatinischen Berge), bei der Bestattung des Klodius abgebrannt, Varro LL. 5, 155. Liv. 1, 30, 2. Plin. 35, 22: gew. bl. curia, Cic. de rep. 2, 31; Cat. 4, 2. – dah. α) curia als Zeichen und Unterpfand des Rechts u. der Gesetze, pro curia inversique mores! Hor. carm. 3, 5, 7: stante urbe et curiā, Cic. Planc. 71. – β) als Ort ernster Beratung, lectus in curiam, Varro sat. Men. 453: ut dies inter eos curiae fuisse videretur, convivium Tusculani, als hätte in ihrem Zirkel der Tag der Kurie, das Mahl dem Tuskulanum angehört, Cic. de or. 1, 27. – γ) als Versammlungsort der Senatoren und hohen Staatsbeamten, curia pauperibus clausa est, d.i. die Armen können nicht zur Senatorenwürde (od. einer hohen Staatswürde übh.) gelangen, Ov. am. 3, 8, 55. – δ) als Ort für Senatssitzung = Senatsversammlung, Senat, Liv. 2, 23, 14 u. 2, 24, 3. Suet. Caes. 22, 2: alqm in curiam introducere, Liv. 22, 1, 14: a curia nulla me res divellet, Cic. ad Att. 1, 20, 3. – b) curia Iulia, auf dem Komitium, von J. Cäsar angefangen, von den Triumvirn beendigt und ihm zu Ehren benannt, Sitz des Senates (nachdem die curia Hostilia abgebrannt war), Suet. Cal. 60. – c) curia Pompeia od. Pompeii, von Pompejus erbaut, Sitz des Senates, seit der dort vorgefallenen Ermordung Cäsars für immer geschlossen, Cic. de div. 2, 23. Suet. Caes. 80 sqq. – 2) curia Calabra, eine Kurie auf dem Kapitol, so gen. nach dem Ausrufen (calare) der Kalenderdaten an dieser Stelle, Varro LL. 5, 13. Macr. sat. 1, 15. § 10 sq. u. § 19. Verg. Aen. 8, 654. Paul. ex Fest. 49, 1. – 3) curia Saliorum, das Amtsgebäude der Salier auf dem palatinischen Berge, dem Mars geweiht, worin der heilige Lituus seit der Stadtgründung aufbewahrt wurde, Cic. de div. 1, 30. – 4) = βουλευτήριον, der Versammlungsort nichtröm. hoher Behörden, wie in Salamis, Cic. ad Att. 6, 1, 6: in Syrakus, Cic. Verr. 2, 50: in Troja, Ov. met. 13, 197: in Athen, curia Martis, der Areopag, Iuven. 9, 101: nemo de curia (kein Senator), Apul. 10, 12 in.

curia [CL; infl. byOF curt (cf. cors)] 1 council-house, court-house. b assembly, meeting. ~ia, domus consilii GlC C 925; ~ia, domhus Ælf. Gl.; ~ia, vel senatus, uþwitena spræchus Id. Sup.; 9‥ ~ia, i. domus consilii ‥, gemothus vel stow GlH C 2194; [J. Cesar] in ~ia xxij vulneribus confossus interiit R. Niger Chr. I 17.  b in ~ia, in maeðle GlC I 223; ~ia, conventus Gl. Leid. 4. 7; 9‥ ~ia, i. ‥ conventus, ‥ congregatio GlH C 2194. 2 papal curia. a1080 ut omnia negotia eorum, apud ~iam Romanam suis expensis expediret Regesta p. 69; 1169 dum alii nuntii nostri adhuc in ~ia vestra morarentur (Lit. Regis) Act. Hen. II I 436; s1213 proponet tibi [sc. regi] quandam pacis formam ‥, licet in ~ia Romana a jure regni Anglie abjudicatus fueris et sententialiter condemnatus Wend. II 68; 1237 supplicantes quatenus ‥ scribere velitis fratribus vestris stantibus in ~ia ut negotiis nostris promovendis ‥ invigilent Gros. Ep. 41; est pape cura Christi defendere jura, / que lex sancta movet, curia justa fovet Garl. Tri. Eccl. 91; in fonte fidei Christiane, ~ia sacrosancta Romana R. Bury Phil. 8. 134; Paul. Angl. ASP 1532 (v. curiensis). 3 court, imperial or royal residence or household: a (Continental or unspec); b (Eng); c (Scot); d (celestial or infernal). e ceremonial gathering at court. f courtly code of behaviour, courtesy. g (w. facere) to pay court. a [Henricus III imperator] habebat clericum in ~ia qui ‥ litterarum peritiam vitio corporis deformabat W. Malm. GR II 191; s1213 rex Francorum ‥ ipsum [comitem Flandrensem] ‥ diffidens a ~ia sua confestim recedere precepit Wend. II 78; s1238 ~iam regis Norwegie adire recusavit Chr. Man 96; probavit quam ‥ sit ‥ †contraria [Mon. Francisc. I 24: contrarium] puritati ordinis Minorum Fratrum ‥ in ~iis principum continue commorari Eccleston Adv. Min. 38; 1371 specialem nostre ~ie capellanum ‥ transmittimus (Lit. Imp.) Avesb. 97b.  b a1030 (12c) cum ipso ‥ rege Cunut et regina Emma et magna principum ac patriae ~ia CD 733; s1040 Eadwardus ‥ a fratre suo Heardecanuto rege susceptus honorifice in ~ia sua mansit Fl. Worc. I 196; s1065 cujus [Eadwardi] in ~ia regali demorabatur ‥ quidam Baldewinus Herm. Arch. 22; [tenent] ij servientes ~iae regis dim. hidam DB I 56b (cf. DB I 57b: [ea terra] ad ~iam regis pertinet juste); si quis in ~ia regis [AS: on ciningces hirede] sedicionem moverit, amittat vitam (Cons. Cnuti) GAS 351 (cf. (Quad.) ib.: in familia regis pugnet; (Inst. Cnuti) ib.: pugnam fecerit in aula regis); s1100 [rex H.] effeminatos ~ia propellens, lucernarum usum noctibus in ~ia restituit W. Malm. GR V 393; domum regis vel ~iam ejus hoc loco dicimus ubicumque in regione sit, cujuscumque feodum vel mausio sit (Leg. Hen. 80. 7a) GAS 596; a1123 ut quiete teneret [terram] ab omni servicio dum esset in ~ia regis ‥; et si de ~ia exiret, daret ‥ Cart. Merton 428; 1130 (v. camera 6b); Map NC V 5 (v. 1 comitas); quidam qui majores et discretiores videntur in regno, sive de clero sint sive de ~ia Dial. Scac. I 4C; Reimundo ~iam sequente Gir. EH I 20; s1252 rex ~iam suam, et precipue cameram regine, moderavit et multos et multas ejecit Ann. Dunstable 184; dum ‥ primo quidem suam [regis] concernentibus ~iam, deinde vero rempublicam regni sui ‥ fungeremur officiis R. Bury Phil. 8. 118.  c a1160 tali condicione quod ‥ homines ~ie mee transeant in eadem navi sine precio Regesta Scot. I 118.  d cras mecum proficiscetur ad supremi regis nostri ~iam Gosc. Wulsin 6; c1250 propter reverentiam et presentiam Salvatoris nostri et ~ie celestis, que cum eo presens adest quotiens missa celebratur Conc. Syn. 640; Cust. Westm. 232 (v. caelestis 4a); vivunt quoad diabolum et ‥ ei serviunt in sua ~a [ME: serveð him in his curt] AncrR 75.  e s1065 rex E. ‥ in Nativitate ‥ Domini ~iam suam, ut potuit, Lundonie tenuit Fl. Worc. I 224; s1100 cum [rex W.] gloriose et patrio honore ~iam tenuisset ad Natale apud Glouecestre, ad Pascha apud Wincestre, ad Pentecosten apud Londoniam H. Hunt. HA VII 22 (cf. ib. VIII 12: jam ~ie solemnes ‥ evanuerant); s1126 rex Anglorum Heinricus ‥ in Nativitate Domini ~iam suam in castro quod Windelshora vocatur diviti apparatu celebravit et illuc totius regni nobilitatem sua sanctione adunavit J. Worc. 22; venit ‥ Arturus Parisius tenuitque ibidem ~iam G. Mon. IX 11; 1187 quando ipsa [regina] ~iam suam per se tenuerit Regesta Scot. II 270; s1256 venit rex Scotie et regina sua ‥ et ‥ fuerunt cum ‥ rege apud Wudestok’; quo die ‥ rex tenuit magnam et nobilissimam ~iam, fere omnibus comitibus et baronibus suis ibi existentibus Leg. Ant. Lond. 23.  f assit ‥ / curia moralis [gl.: congregatio omnium virtutum], prudentia collateralis Garl. Mor. Scol. 12 (cf. ib. 163: noxas suspendo; quo ducit curia tendo; / hanc modo defendo; sunt rustica que reprehendo).  g s1099 ipse papa frequenter ad Anselmum veniebat, lete cum eo sese agendo et ~iam ei faciendo Eadmer HN 127. 4 law-court: a (unspec); b (Continental, var.). a c1155 cum ~ia a ‘cruore’ dicatur, clerici qui cum prclatis ecclesie conversantur curiales non sunt; nec enim apud eos judicium sanguinis exercetur P. Blois Ep. 6. 17A.  b 722 ne bigamum ‥ vel ~ie aut cuilibet conditioni obnoxium ‥ ad sacros ordines permittat accedere (Lit. Papae) Ep. Bonif. 18; s1148 discipuli [Eudonis de Stella] ‥, ~ie prius et postea ignibus traditi, ardere potius quam ad vitam corrigi maluerunt W. Newb. I 19; a1160 quod ‥ prior de P. ‥ teneat ‥ decimam suam de E. sicut eam dirationavit in ~ia mea coram justiciis meis et in ~ia archiepiscopi Rothomagensis Act. Hen. II I 215; 1185 si homo qui non sit abbatis contra hominem abbatis de burgo duellum facere debuerit, in ~ia Bochardi [comitis Vindocinensis] duellum erit Ib. II 263; 1289 ita quod ‥ sectam seu sequelam ad majorem ~iam S. Severi ‥ facere ‥ teneantur RGasc II 367; 1298 volens ‥ venire ad regem Francie et pares ~ie ad petendum quod sibi ‥ fieret justicie complementum (Chanc. Misc. 29/4/9) EHR XLII 582; s1317 episcopus Caturcensis ‥, cui impositum fuit quod in mortem J. pape fuerat machinatus, ‥ traditus ~ie seculari, viz. marescallo pape, ‥ fuit ‥ igne crematus Ad. Mur. 27. 5 (law-court, Eng): a (royal, in general); b (royal, particular); c (regional); d (maritime); e (civic or burghal); f (mercantile); g (eccl.). a c1086 placitatum fuit ‥ rege tenente ~iam et placitum una Dominica die a mane usque ad vesperam, presentibus filiis et omnibus baronibus suis Regesta I p. 127; 1108 si amodo exurgat placitum de divisione terrarum ‥, si est inter dominicos barones meos, tractetur placitum in ~ia mea Ib. II 892; c1129 unde justicia mea placitaverat et duellum tenuerat de combustione in ~ia mea Ib. 1579; 1161 (v. concordia 2b); 1164 episcopi ‥ sicut barones ceteri debent interesse judiciis ~ie regis cum baronibus Const. Clar. 11; [Scaccarium] habet hoc commune cum ipsa domini regis ~ia, in qua ipse in propria persona jura discernit, quod nec recordationi nec sententie in eo late licet alicui contradicere Dial. Scac. I 4B; s1178 rex ‥ per consilium sapientium ‥ v [justitias] tantum elegit, ij sc. clericos et iij laicos ‥; et statuit quod ille v audirent omnes clamores regni et rectum facerent, et quod a ~ia regis non recederent G. Hen. II I 207; quedam placita de recto ‥ possunt a comitatu ‥ ad capitalem ~iam domini regis transferri Glanv. XII 1; s1213 juravit rex ‥ quod ‥ omnes homines suos secundum justa ~ie sue judicia judicaret Wend. II 81; justiciarii Anglie non sedent in ~iis regis nisi per tres horas diei, sc. ab hora octava ante meridiem usque horam undecimam completam, quia post meridiem ~ie ille non tenentur Fortescue LLA 51.  b 1205 (v. 2 bancus 3a); habet rex ~iam suam in concilio suo, in parliamentis suis ‥; habet eciam ~iam suam coram senescallo suo in aula sua [cf. 1 aula 3c] ‥; habet eciam ~iam suam in Cancellaria sua [cf. 1 cancellaria 2b] et in diversis locis hospicii sui; habet eciam ~iam suam coram auditoribus [cf. auditor 2b] ‥; habet eciam ~iam suam et justiciarios suos ‥ locum suum tenentes in Anglia ‥; habet eciam ~iam suam et justiciarios suos residentes apud Scaccarium, item in Banco apud Westm’ consimiliter Fleta 66; 1338 (v. 2 bancus 3b); 1389 in quadam causa de et super armis de azura cum una benda de auro ‥ in ~ia militari ‥ mota (Pat) Scrope v. Grosvenor 1 (= Foed. VII 621); 1389 de more, cursu seu de consuetudine ~ie milicie usitatum non extiterat ‥ quod miles aut armiger in causa seu negocio armorum extra ~iam ‥ procuratores ‥ facere non solebant [sic] (Chanc. Misc. 6) Ib. 27; 1456 quantum ad ~iam Marescalcie aut ~iam clerici de mercato [cf. clericus 2g] (Billa Parl.) Reg. Whet. I 260; 1474 (v. 1 cancellaria 2c); 1546 (v. augmentatio 1d); 1583 per billam ~ie Wardorum et Liberacionum Pat 1236 m. 2; ~ia consilii regii Camd. Br. 141 (v. camera 4b); Requestarum ~ia sive ~ia de Whitehall audit caussas inter privatos prius principi oblatas Ib. 144.  c in quibusdam casibus habent comitatus et alie ~ie minores recordum per assisam de consmo inde factam Glanv. VIII 9; 1238 nec ‥ debeat ‥ sectas facere com[itatuum], hundr[edorum] et cur[iarum] eskaetarum nostrarum, cum continue resideat ibidem [sc. apud Scaccarium] KR Mem 17 r. 2d.; 1269 nomina eorum debent scribi in uno rotulo et dividi per thewingas vel decenas et bis in anno legi, sc. ad ~iam franciplegii CBaron 69; item habet [rex] ~iam suam in provinciis in quolibet comitatu et in turnis vicecomitum et in hundredis, et in maneriis suis tanquam baro vel alius liber homo Fleta 66; 1392 quodlibet hameiletum dabit domino sextam porcionem ad communem finem bis per annum ad ~iam visus franciplegii (Reg. Stoneleigh) Villainage in Eng. 430; 1306 ~ia generalis (v. adventus 2b); 1307 faciendo ‥ sectam ~ie ad socam de K. IPM 125/12; 1337 cum ‥ proficuis et perquisitis ~ie stannarie et minere in eodem com. [Cornw] (Cl) Foed. IV 736; 1363 de placitis et perquisitis ~iarum ad barre de Stikeney hoc anno, ut patet per rotulos ~iarum (DL MinAc 242/3884 m. 6) Terr. Fleet app. 178 (cf. (v. 1 barra 4a)); 1372 ~ia leucate CourtR (Pevensey) 206/20; 1393 una cum ‥ eschaetis, sectis, ~iis letis et aliis ‥ juribus ‥ FormA 404; 1443 concessiones ‥ datas ‥ de ‥ ~iis letis, visibus francipleg’, consuetudinibus, libertatibus ‥ (Pat) Foed. Xl 41a; 1451 Estebuddelegh [Devon]: ~ia legalis hundredi tenta ibidem CourtR 166/19; 1508 Southmallyng, Lewes [Suss]: ~ia aquatica tenta ibidem ‥; juratores ‥ presentant quod J. N. est communis angulator piscium in aqua dominorum Ib. 206/34 f. 82; 1544 Somerton’ hundredum [Som]: ~ia tremure ibidem tenta Ib. 200/34 (cf. EHR LXXI 428).  d 1351 de placitis et perquisitis ~iarum maritimarum (Cornw) MinAc 817/1 m. 13; 1383 etc. (v. admiralitas); 1383 ~ia marina [teuta] ad tidam quando aqua fiuebat secundum legem ‥ marinam (CoramR) SelPlAdm I xlix.  e a1272 si quis burgensis implacitetur in ~ia mea capitali de manerio et feodo de Warton [Lancs], dicti burgenses ~iam burgi de eo habebunt (Ch) EHR XVII 295; 1316 Lenne, ustengi ~ia ibidem RR K's Lynn I 34 (cf. (v. hustingum)); 1321 debent major et aldermanni convocare totam communitatem civitatis London’ in cemiterio S. Pauli London’ ad ~iam suam que vocatur Folkesmot MGL II 336; 1324 est ibidem [Towcester, Northants] quedam ~ia de portimannimot’ de tribus septimanis in tres septimanas IPM 83 r. 5; a1340 in ~ia civitatis [Norwic’] (v. coronator 2b); 13‥ si quis burgensis voluerit fieri, veniat in ~ia et reddet prefecto xij d. Cust. Preston 496; 1403 (v. appendicius 2b); 1406 ~ia majoratus civitatis Cal. Pl. Mem. Lond. III 275; 1471 ~ia de morewespeche[Steyning, Suss] CourtR 206/43 (cf. (v. colloquium d)); 1485 perquisita ~ie burgi: et de xij s. de perquisitis unius ~ie legalis ibidem [Somerton, Som] tente MinAc 974/6 r. 2; 1505 ~ia apparencie DL MinAc 78/1011 r. 2 (cf. DL MinAc 1021 r. 3 (v. apparentia 1b)); 1518 ~ia ‥ tolseti ‥ Bristoll’ Law Merch. I 131; 1587 concedimus ‥ majori, gubernatoribus et burgensibus ville [de Beverley] ‥ quod ‥ habeant ‥ unam ~iam de recordo quolibet die Lune Pat 1298 m. 8.  f 1417 homines de Cirencestria ‥ clamant habere gildam mercatoriam sub hac forma, viz. ad habendum et tenendum ~iam mercatoriam simul cum legibus mercatoriis plenarie utendis (Chanc. Misc.) Law Merch. II xcix; 1452 est in eodem castro sive manerio [de Chepyngnorton] quedam ~ia mercati de pede pulveris annuatim qualibet septimana tenenda per diem Mercurii de hora in horam IPM 146 (30 Hen. VI 14) r. 2; Ib. (v. pes).  g quicunque de ecclesia tenuerit vel in feudo ecclesie manserit, alicubi extra ~iam ecclesiasticam non placitabit si in aliquo forisfactum habuerit, donec ‥ in ~ia ecclesiastica de recto defecerit (Leg. Ed.) GAS 630; 1183 etc. (v. Christianitas 3b); a1195 (v. Christianus 3); 1201 queritur quod prior de Acra trahit clericum suum personam de W. in placitum in ~ia Christianitatis per breve domini pape CurR II 62; s1306 jurisdiccio ~ie de Arcubus vacabat per mensem Ann. Lond. 147; Ib. (v. arcus 4g); archiepiscopi Cantuariae ~iae numerantur: viz. ~ia de Arcubus ‥; ~ia Audientiae [cf. audientia 4c], quae omnes provincialium querelas, causas et appellationes recipit; ~ia Praerogativae, in qua commissarius de haereditatibus ‥ jus dicit[cf. credere 1c]; ~ia Facultatum, in qua praefectus constituitur qui desideria cognoscit eorum qui ecclesiastici juris ‥ relaxationem petunt. ‥ Peculiarium ~iam ‥ aliasque ‥ praetereo Camd. Br. 144. 6 feudal, manorial, or franchise court, court-baron or sim. (Eng); b (w. baronum or baroniae); c (w. militum); d (mon); e (episcopal, incl. Durham palatinate). 1108 si est inter vavasores alicujus baronis mei honoris, tractetur placitum in ~ia domini eorum Regesta II 892; omnis causa terminetur vel hundreto vel comitatu vel halimoto socam habentium vel dominorum ~iis (Leg. Hen. 9. 4) GAS 555; 1130 eadem [comitissa] debet c m. argenti ut possit tenere rectum in ~ia sua inter homines suos Pipe 110; Glanv. VIII 11 (v. 2 baro 1a); a1217 per constabularium capta sunt retia [et] per judicium ~ie castelli Bainardi judicata sunt ad comburend’ (Inq.) EHR XVII 486; 1242 tenet terram suam ‥ de honore de Peverel de Notingeham ‥, propter quam terram ‥ sequitur ~iam nostram ejusdem honoris KR Mem 20 r 12; 1258 datus est dies ~ie magne [honoris] in tres septimanas SelPlMan 54; 1259 de sectis faciendis ad ~ias magnatum et aliorum dominorum ~iarum Cl 147; 1269 de querelis provenientibus in ~iis simplicibus CBaron 86 (cf. ib. 87: de querelis magne ~ie); 1276 senescallus ‥ dixit se velle tenere magnam ~iam die S. Mathei ‥ ante festum S. Mich; ‥ et villata respondens dixit: “non est nostrum cariare ante festum S. Mich., set post” Hund. I 8b; 1292 burgenses mei faciant sectam ad ~iam meam magnam bis in anno (Knutsford) BBC 198; 1324 jurati ad ‥ presentand’ de ~ia in ~iam [i. e. at successive sessions] transgressores in marisco CBaron 139; 1413 curia recogn[icionis] et finium fact’ pro respectu homagii DL CourtR (Leicester) 80/1104 (cf. ib. 1105: 1443 ~ia recognic[ionis] tenencium domini regis nuper feoffatorum ‥: J. S. venit in hanc ~iam et cogn[oscit] se tenere libere de ‥ domino rege certas terras et tenementa); 1414 ~ia homagii ibidem tenta Ib. (High Easter, Essex) 70/867; 1432 (v. copia 4b); 1567 tenet libere per servicium militare ‥ et sectam ~ie feodalis de tribus septimanis in tres Surv. Pembr. (Wilts) 19.  b 1259 nec in itinere justiciariorum ‥ nec in ~iis baronum ‥ recipiantur fines pro pulcre placitando Cl 148; de jurisdiccione ~ie baronis et qualiter procedendum est in eadem Hengham Magna 3; 1278 ballivi domini regis venire solebant ad ~iam baronis et ibidem sedere et audire placita CoramR 37 r. 14d.; 1283 ~ia est ubi milites et liberi homines conveniunt et faciunt sectam de iij septimanis in iij septimanas pro tenementis suis et agitant placita que ad ~iam baronum pertinent [Isle of Wight] (CoramR) SelCKB I 128; 1313 ubi sectatores ~ie baronis per judicium ~ie cognoscunt de felonia facta extra precinctum ‥ hundredi Eyre Kent I 107; 1462 de finibus et amerciamentis cectatorum ad ~iam baronie Som Rec. Soc. XXXIII 230; 1583 nobis ‥ reservatis omnibus ~iis baron’, letis, visibus franci plegii ac perquisicionibus et proficuis ~iarum et letarum dicti manerii Pat 1234 m. 15.  c 1263 debet facere sectam ad ~iam domini castri [Carisbrooke, I. of Wight] ‥ in ~ia que vocatur ~ia militum IPM 29/2 r. 22; 1286 de placitis et perquisitis ~ie militum [Plympton, Devon] MinAc 827/39 r. 4; 1325 sectatores ~ie militis ibidem [Skipton, Yorks] Ib. 1147/23 r. 9 sched..  d 1111 precipio ut placitum sit in ~ia ‥ abbatis [Torneie] ‥ de terra ‥ de C. Regesta II 975; cum homines sui conquererentur ei [sc. abbati] in ~ia S. Ædmundi quia nolebat precipitare sententiam Brakelond 130; 1220 testatum est per senescallum abbatis de S. Albano et per probos homines quod cognovit latrocinium in ~ia abbatis CurR VIII 396; 1230 concedo ‥ monachis ‥ quod habeant liberam ~iam [etc.] MonA V 325; 1345 ne quis eorum implacitaret ‥ alibi quam in ~ia prioris Hal. Durh. 17; c1350 consuetudines ~ie susane de Plumsted Reg. S. Aug. 313; c1440 ~ia alta [prioris] Cant. Cath. Pri. 90.  e a1130 per judicium ~ie episcopi [London’] Cart. Merton 421; 1243 quare [episcopus Heref’] sententiam excommunicationis promulgavit in ipsum G. ‥ eo quod idem G. ‥ falsavit ~iam ‥ episcopi et comitatum domini regis adivit CurR 131 r. 18d.; 1275 quatinus faciatis ~iam nostram de Prestebury quamcito poteritis summoneri Reg. Heref. 3; R. Neville [ob. 1457] scaccarium ‥ quadratum ‥ construxit, in quo ~ia cancellarie, scaccarie, receptoris, computatoris tenetur Hist. Durh. 7. 7 law-court (insular, var): a (Scot); b (W); c (Ir); d (Isle of Man). a a1128 si abbas [de Dunfermlin] in ~ia sua aliqua negligentia de justitia deciderit E. Ch. Scot. 74; 1174 nisi voluerit venire ad rectum in ~ia regis Scotorum Anglo-Scot. Rel. 3; si quis appellat aliquem de furto in ~ia regis vel in aliqua alia ~ia (Ass. David I 2) APScot 5; 1180 quod neque episcopi neque abbates neque comites neque barones neque aliqui libere tenentes tenebunt ~ias suas nisi vicecomes regis vel servientes vicecomitis ibidem affuerint vel summoniti fuerint ad videndum quod ~ia recte tractetur (Ass. Will. 12) Ib. 53; 1252 in plena ~ia de Abirbrothok Inchaffray 74; 1256 nos ‥ dedisse ‥ episcopo Aberdon’ decimas de omnibus firmis ‥ cum exitibus ~iarum nostrarum justiciarie, camerarie et vicecomitatuum Reg. Aberd. I 18; 1328 officialis ~ie Glasguensis Reg. Paisley 27; 1441 per exitus ‥ de ~iis nundinarum ‥ burgi [Perth] ExchScot 106; 1460 per exitus ~ie compotantis [Kirkcudbright] Ib. VII 5; 1468 de exitibus duarum ~iarum, viz. Omnium Sanctorum et Beltane Ib. 527; in extractu ~ie senescallatus Ib. 565; 1473 (v. 2 bunda 1a); 1559 (v. consistorialis).  b 1248 rex audivit ex litteris Resi junioris quod ipse ‥ paratus est parere justicie in ~ia regis coram N. de Molis in com. regis de Kaermerdyn Cl 113; 1369 ~ia vocata placita de pede pulverisato Cart. Glam. 1326 (cf. (v. 5f supra)); 1388 (v. 1 commotus a).  c 1204 W. de Burgo obtulit se coram nobis ad standum recto in ~ia nostra Hib[ernie] Pat 46a; 1205 concessimus ‥ archiepiscopo [Dublin’] quod habeat consideracionem ~ie nostre de Hybernia Ib. 56b; 1230 auctoritatem tenendi ibidem hundredum et ~iam baronie (Cashel) BBC 146; 1245‥ in loquelis motis in ~ia ‥ regis Hybernie Cl 358; 1255 questus est sibi in ~ia ‥ comitis de Kilkenny falsum factum fuisse judicium Cl 206.  d 1399 cum ‥ ~iis baronum, visibus franciplegii, letis ‥ (Pat) Foed. VIII 95b. 8 a jurisdiction, right to hold a court. b (practice of) legal profession. a 1194 dapifer honoris de Eia petit ~iam Eie de loquela ‥ CurR RC I 13; a1200 si quis ‥ burgensium tenentem in ‥ villa de L. aliquem habeat, ~iam de eo libere et plenarie habeat Rec. Lostwithiel 329; breve quod vocatur ‘precipe’ de cetero non fiat alicui de aliquo tenemento unde liber homo amittere possit ~iam suam Magna Carta 34; 1262 tam coram nobis quam justiciis nostris de Banco ‥ ~iam et libertatem suam exigere possint (York) BBC 177.  b 1432 habeat ‥ xl m. ut aliquali ulteriori tempore ~iam continuare et exercere valeat Reg. Cant. II 494. 9 town (AS burh) as centre of jurisdiction. b (w. pacis) town w. authority to enforce its own ‘peace’. seniores homines qui ad eam ~iam obediunt [AS: to pære byrig hiron] (Quad.) GAS 161; eligatur ‥ triplex juramentum tam late sicut ad ipsam ~iam obeditur [AS: to ðære byrig hyre] (Ib.) Ib. 325 (cf. Cons. Cnuti: tam late quam ad illam urbem pertinet; Inst. Cnuti: sicut convenit ~ie illi ad quam pertinet; Leg. Hen. 64. 9a, ib. 585); si scyldwita extra burgum et [v. l. vel] ~iam fiat, xxx [s.] emendetur regi (Leg. Hen. 38. 1) Ib. 567.  b licet abacta sit [navis] et applicetur ad aliquam ~iam pacis [AS: to hwilcre friðbyrig] et homines evadant in ipsam ~iam [AS: into pære byrig] (Quad.) GAS 222. 10 a hall, manor-house, seat (sts. comprising several buildings). b court-yard, farm-yard or sim. c (mon.); cf. cors 2a. a duo fratres tenuerunt TRE unusquisque habuit domum suam et tamen manserunt in una ~ia (Surrey) DB I 35b; in scyra archiepiscopi ‥ modo sunt centum [mansiones] hospitatae inter magnas et parvas praeter ~iam archiepiscopi et domos canonicorum (Yorks) DB I 298; in propria ~ia episcopi xiiij mansure, quas dedit rex ‥ ad principalem sedem episcopatus (Norf) DB II 117; [Lanfrancus] domos ad opus monachorum necessarias consummavit. ‥ aedificavit et ~iam sibi Eadmer HN 16; c1124 dedi ‥ meam dominicam ~iam in Magna Paxtona [Hunts] sicut fossatum circuit Regesta Scot. I 7; a1135 quod tota terra abbatisse de Romesie ‥ sit quieta sicut dominica ~ia sua de omnibus rebus CalCh II 102; 1193 (v. capitalis 8c); 1197 (v. 1 cotaria b); 1237 per sic quod posset habere quendam capellanum ‥, qui divina celebraret in ~ia ipsius E. CurR XV 1918; 12‥ dedi ‥ totam ~iam que quondam fuit Hisabelle matris mee ‥, in qua mater mea habitare consuevit Reg. S. Thom. Dublin 22; 1280 ut infra septa ~ie tue de Silkethorpe ‥ oratorium ‥ possis erigere Reg. Ebor. 64.  b ibi ‥ fenum ad animalia ~ie (Bucks) DB I 149b; invenit ‥ virgas ad ~iam circa domum; reficit etiam domum et ~iam si defecerint (Hants) DB I 205; si quis ~iam vel domum violenter effregerit vel intraverit (Oxon) DB I 154b; si murdrum in domo vel in ~ia vel in claustura inveniatur (Leg. Hen. 91. 2) GAS 607; per sepes et foveas extra clam ad †superiorem [sic] ~iam domus descendit, ubi jumentum suum repperit G. Herw. 334; c1160 in ~ia sunt duo orrea ‥ et extra hec orrea ‥ in ~ia illa sunt iiij domus Dom. S. Paul. 130; Boldon Bk. 19 (v. claudere 5c); pica ‥ ~ie vel cortis, in qua nidificat, prospicit indemnitati [gl.: ~ia potentum, cors villanorum] Neckam NR I 69; c1225 totam terram et ~iam, que persone illius ecclesie est ‥, et croftam que jacet juxta ~iam persone Ch. Sal. 106; 1231 invenit ipsum R. ‥ vestitum, cinctum et calciatum extra ~iam suam forinsecam prope piscariam suam BNB II 509; c1250 si habuerit quercum, fraxinum vel pyrum in ~ia sua crescentem, non vendet ‥ nisi de licentia domini Cart. Rams. I 395; 1279 ~ia ‥ domini R. cum gard[ino] et aliis inclusis continet in se vj acras Hund. II 660b; 1285 (v. cortillagium 1b); 1306 (v. clausura 4a); 1336 (v. cannabis 1).  c fiat processio ‥ extra claustrum circa ~iam monasterii Lanfr. Const. 133; Lanfrancus ‥ ecclesiam Christi Cantuariensem cum omnibus officiis que infra murum ipsius ~ie sunt cum ipso muro edificavit Eadmer HN 15; c1166 libertatem quam rex David ‥ eis [monialibus de Alnestowe] dedit in ~ia et extra ~iam Regesta Scot. II 55; [monachi] circumspicientes viderunt ~iam plenam armatis V. Thom. A 73; a1188 monachi ‥ me ‥ in ~ia sua receperunt et ‥ servientem suum fecerunt Feod. Durh. 128n; a1190 concessisse ‥ sedem unius molendini ante ~iam ‥ monialium [de Bondevilla] Act. Hen. II II 388; per ~iam deambulans edesque singulas et officinas contuens Gir. Spec. III 13 p. 211; s1252 fecimus domum novam carpentariis et rotariis in ~ia de D. Ann. Dunstable 183; 1322 (v. creditor 2b); a1380 monachis in medio ~ie ab equis desilientibus Pri. Cold. 53; s1425 equitavit per medium ~ie abbathie ducissa Holandie Chr. S. Alb. 8.

cūrĭa, (8) æ, f. , ¶ 1 curie, une des divisions du peuple romain : Liv. 1, 13, 6 ¶ 2 lieu de réunion des curies, temple où elles se réunissaient : Varro L. 5, 155 ; Ov. F. 3, 140 ¶ 3 curie [lieu où le sénat sʼassemblait], assemblée du sénat, sénat : Cic. Rep. 2, 31 ; Cat. 4, 2 ; Mil. 90 ; de Or. 3, 167 ; Sest. 97 || la curie fut appelée primit^t curia Hostilia Cic. Fin. 5, 2 ; Liv. 1, 30, 2 || plus tard curia Pompeia Cic. Div. 2, 23 ; Gell. 14, 7, 7 ; curia Julia Suet. Cæs. 60 ¶ 4 lieu de réunion dʼune assemblée [en gén.] : curia Saliorum Cic. Div. 1, 30, le temple où se réunissent les Saliens ; curia Martis Juv. 9, 101, lʼAréopage.

curia , ae. f.
朝廷。議事廳。廟。一保甲。

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cūria ae, f

• SCV-, a court, curia, association(each of the three patrician tribes contained ten curiae), L.—A house for the religious services of a curia: prisca, O.—A senate-house, place of meeting of the senate(usu. the Curia Hostilia built by Tullus Hostilius), L.: (curiam) incendere, C., S., V., O.: Pompeia, built by Pompey: Syracusis: Troiae, O.: Saliorum, the official building of the Salii on the Palatine Hill.—Fig., the senate: summum auxilium omnium gentium: alqm in curiam introducere, L.: Martis, i. e. the Areopagus, Iu.— As emblem of law: stante urbe et curiā: pro curia inversique mores! H.

CURIA

CU´RIAsignifies both a division of the Roman people and the place of assembly for such a division. Various etymologies of the word have been proposed. Varro (de Ling. Lat. 5.32) derives it from curare, a view defended by Mommsen (Hist. 1.72). Lange (Röm. Alt. 1. p. 79), who regards Quirites as derived from curia, a theory which others again invert, wavers between this view and Corssen's earlier suggestion, that is, for covisia, a dwelling together, from the root vas, to dwell. But seeing that the original meaning seems to have been house, it is better to trace it to the root sku, shelter, as Corssen now does.

Each of the three ancient Romulian tribes, the Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres, was subdivided into 10 curiae, so that the whole body of the populus was divided into 30 curiae. (Liv. 1.13; Dionys. 2.7, 23; Plut. Rom. 19.) It has commonly been asserted that the plebeians had no connexion whatever with the curiae, and that the clients of the patricians were members of the curiae only in a passive sense. (Fest. p. 285, ed. Müller; comp. PATRICII, GENS.) But Mommsen has adduced strong reasons for denying the purely patrician character of the curiae (Röm. Forsch. 1.140-150), and accepting the view of Dionysius (Dionys. 4.12, 20) that plebeians were admitted. He points out first that, as is generally admitted, the curiae in their sacral character included plebeians as well as patricians. The Fornacalia was a festival celebrated by curies, but Ovid's account of it (Fast. 2.511 if.) is quite inconsistent with the notion that it was a patrician festival. Besides, in B.C. 209 we find a plebeian elected as Curio Maximus, and, according to all analogy, plebeians must have been admitted to the curies long before one of them could be found holding the highest post of dignity. Secondly, there is absolutely no proof of the purely patrician character of the comitia curiata, but much evidence to the contrary. Cicero's words (de Leg. Agr. 2.11, 27, curiatis comitiis quae vos non initis) refer merely to the formal meetings of lictors [cf. COMITIA], which no citizens, patrician or plebeian, attended. Plebeians are represented as existing and voting side by side with patricians before the institution of any other than the comitia curiata. The extinction of the functions of the curies is nowhere mentioned as a result of the decay of the patriciate. By comparing Cic. pro Planc. 3, 8, and de Domo 14, 38, it is plain that the populi comitia of the former answers to the comitia centuriata et curiata of the second. The election of a magistrate and the conferring of the imperium are represented by Cicero (de Leg. Agr. 2.11, 26, maiores de singulis magistratibus bis vos sententiam ferre voluerunt) as two acts of the same body; but the former took place in the centuries, the latter in the curies. The thirty lictors who represented the curies, and therefore must have had the right of voting there, were plebeians. There is no reason whatever to believe that the right of making wills and adoptions before the curies was limited to patricians, and we have one positive instance of a plebeian adopting before the curies in the case of Clodius. Hence the common theory of the purely patrician character of the curies must be abandoned. There is no historical evidence to show when the plebeians became members of them (Mommsen, Forsch. 1.149), but it is a reasonable conjecture that they were admitted at the time of the expulsion of the kings, when the comitia curiata lost their political power by the development of the comitia centuriata (Mommsen, Hist. 1.264). All the members of the different gentes belonging to one curia were called, in respect of one another, curiales. Each curia as a corporation had its peculiar sacra (Fest. pp. 174, 245; Paul. Diac. p. 49, ed. Müller), and, besides the gods of the state, they worshipped other divinities and with peculiar rites and ceremonies. For such religious purposes each curia had its own place of worship, called curia, which at first may have contained nothing but an altar, afterwards a sacellum, and finally a building in which the curiales assembled for the purpose of discussing political, financial, religious, and other matters. (Paul. Diac. pp. 62, 64; Dionys. 2.50.) The religious affairs of each curia were taken care of by a priest, curio, who was assisted by another called Flamen curialis. (Paul. Diac. pp. 49, 64; Varro, de L. L. 5.83, 6.46; Dionys. 2.21; comp. CURIO) The thirty curiae had their own distinct names, which are said to have been derived from the names of the Sabine women who had been carried off by the Romans, though it is evident that some derived their names from certain districts or from ancient eponymous heroes. Few of these names only are known, such as curia Titia, Faucia, Calabra, Foriensis, Rapta, Veliensis, Tifata. (Paul. Diac. pp. 49, 366; Fest. p. 174; Liv. 1.13; Dionys. 2.47; Cic. de Re Publ. 2.8, 14.) O. Gilbert has lately (Gesch. und Topogr. der Stadt Rom in Alterthum, 2 vols. 1883, 1885) advocated with much ingenuity and learning a theory that the curiae were based originally upon the gradual occupation of the seven hills of the Septimentium by tribes of different origin, and their ultimate federation. The details of this view involve too many moot points to be discussed here with advantage.

Curia is also used to designate the place in which the senate held its meetings. [See following article.] From this there gradually arose the custom of calling the senate itself curia in the coloniae and municipia, but never the senate of Rome. [DECURIO] The official residence of the Salii, which was dedicated to Mars, was likewise styled curia. (Cic. de Div. 1.1. 7; Dionys. 14.5; Plut. Camill. 32; comp. Becker, Handb. der Röm. Alterth. vol. ii. part 1. p. 31, &c.; Lange, Röm. Alterth. 1.244-250; Mommsen, Röm. Forsch. 1.140-150.)

[L.S] [A.S.W]

CURIA

CU´RIA(βουλευτήριον, γερουσία), the building in which the highest council of the state held its meetings. Scarcely anything is known of the form or dimensions of such structures. Vitruvius (Vitr. 5.2) gives a curious rule for ascertaining the proportions between the height and the length and breadth: this does not, however, agree with the probable plan and elevation of the Curia of Diocletian at Rome. The same author enjoins the use of a cornice half-way up the wall to throw down the sound. The occurrence of columns down each side of the hall is attested by Pausanias (Paus. 8.32; 10.5-Z2) at Phocis; a like arrangement has been noticed at Pompeii.

The history and site of the Senate-house at Rome have been much discussed. Built by Tullus Hostilius (Varr. L. L. 5.155-6), the Curia Hostilia was burnt at the funeral of Clodius (B.C. 52). Successive restorations by a son of Sulla and by Augustus are recorded in the names C. Cornelia and C. Julia. Under Domitian the C. Julia was again rebuilt. A still later building, ascribed to Diocletian, has been identified with the present church of S. Adriano on the N.E. of the Forum. It is of brick, ornamented with stucco and marble. (Franz v. Reber, Die Lage d. C. Hostilia u. d. C. Julia; H. Jordan, Topogr. d. Stadt Rom, 1 Bd., 2 Abth. p. 250 ff.; J. H. Middleton, Anc. Rome in 1885; Lanciani, L'aula e gli Uffici del Senato Romano ; Du Perac, Vestigj di Roma, 1575.)

[J.M]