Capitolium

Căpĭtōlĭum, ii, n., = Καπιτώλιον [ = capitulum, from caput]; in a restricted sense,

• the Capitol, the temple of Jupiter, at Rome, built on the summit of Mons Saturnius or Tarpeius by the Tarquinii, and afterwards splendidly adorned, Liv. 1, 55, 1 sq.; v. Class. Dict.; Verg. A. 9, 448; opp. to the Arx, and separated from it by the Intermontium.—In a more extended sense, the whole hill (hence called Mons or Clivus Capitolinus), including the temple and citadel, separated from the Palatine Hill by the Forum Romanum, now Campidoglio. Acc. to a fanciful etym., this word is derived from the discovery of a man's head in laying the foundations of the temple, Varr. L. L. 5, § 41 Müll.; Liv. 1, 55, 6: which Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 345, and Arn. 6, p. 194, also give as the head of a certain Tolus or Olus. The Capitolimn was regarded by the Romans as indestructible, and was adopted as a symbol of eternity, Verg. A. 9, 448; Hor. C. 3, 30, 8 sq. Orell. ad loc.—Poet., in plur., Verg. A. 8, 347; Ov. A. A. 3, 115; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 27; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 397.—
• • • 2 Căpĭtōlĭum Vĕtus, the Old Capitol, an earlier temple of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, on the Quirinal, Varr. L. L. 5, § 158; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, 713.—
• II Transf.
• • A The citadel of any town, e. g. in Capua, Suet. Tib. 40; id. Calig. 57; in Beneventum, id. Gram. 9; cf. also Plaut, Curc. 2, 2, 19; Sil. 11, 267; Inscr. Orell. 68 (Veronae); 3314 (Faleriis); 6139 (Constantinae); 6978 sq.—
  • B In eccl. Lat., any heathen temple, Prud. contr. Symm. 1, 632.

Capitolium — Capitolium (Rome), Pleiades 347036492

Capitōlium, ī, n. (caput), der prächtige, von den Tarquiniern erbaute u. immer prachtvoller (namentlich von Augustus) verzierte Jupitertempel in Rom auf dem tarpejischen Berge, neben dem die römische Burg (arx Tarpeia) u. der tarpejische Felsen (rupes Tarpeia) sich befanden, von dem die Missetäter herabgestürzt wurden; im weitern Sinne der ganze Hügel mit der Burg usw., j. Campidoglio, s. Liv. 1, 55, 1 sqq. Plaut. Curc. 269. Cato origg. 4. fr. 12. Varr. sat. Men. 195. Cic. de rep. 2, 36; vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 8, 347 (auch über den poet. Plur., über den auch Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ Bd. 1. S. 599 handelt). – das Cap. wurde von den Römern für unzerstörbar gehalten, dah. zur Bezeichnung der Ewigkeit, ewigen Dauer, Verg. Aen. 9, 448. Hor. carm. 3, 30, 8 sq. (u. dazu Orelli). – Den Namen leiten einige (Serv. Verg. Aen. 8, 345. Arnob. 6, 7; vgl. Varr. LL. 5, 41. Liv. 1, 55, 5) von dem Haupte eines gewissen Tolus (caput Toli) ab, das man bei der Grundlegung des Tempels ausgegraben habe, es ist jedoch bloß eine andere Form für capitulum. Daher werden auch Capitolia, d.i. große prächtige Tempel od. Burgen, in andern Städten erwähnt, wie in Kapua, Suet. Cal. 57, 2; in Benevent, Suet. gr. 9. – Im Kirchenlat. = jeder Heidentempel, Prud. c. Symm. 1, 632. – Übtr., pars eius tamquam totius corporis capitolium (Spitze, Haupt), Chalcid. Tim. 233. – Dav. Capitōlīnus, a, um, zum Kapitolium gehörig, kapitolinisch, clivus, Cic.: Iuppiter, Cic.: amphora, s. amphora: Iudi, dem kapitolin. Jupiter zu Ehren, Liv.: so auch certamen, Suet.: quercus, der den Siegern in den kapitolin. Spielen dargebrachte Eichenkranz, Iuven.: subst., Capitōlīnī, ōrum, m., die Besorger der kapitolin. Spiele, Cic. ad Q. fr. 2, 5, 2. – Auch Beiname des M. Manlius, wegen der Rettung des Kapitols, Aur. Vict. vir. ill. 24, 1.

Căpĭtōlĭum, (8) ĭī, n. (caput), le Capitole [une des sept collines de Rome sur laquelle était bâti le temple de Jupiter Capitolin] : Varro L. 5, 41 ; Liv. 5, 54, 6 ; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 129 || nom donné par dʼautres villes à leurs citadelles ou à leurs temples les plus magnifiques : Suet. Tib. 40 ; Cal. 57.

capitolium, ii. n.
山名。大砲臺。

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Capitōlium ī, n

• caput, the Capitol, temple of Jupiter, at Rome, C., L.—The hill on which the Capitol stood, L.: Capitoli inmobile saxum, V., H.

Capitolium

A celebrated temple and citadel at Rome, on the Tarpeian Rock. The foundations were laid by Tarquinius Priscus, a.u.c. 139, B.C. 615. Its walls were raised by his successor Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus finished it, a.u.c. 231, B.C. 533. It was not, however, consecrated until the third year after the expulsion of the kings. This ceremony was performed by the consul Horatius. It covered eight acres, was 200 feet broad, and about 215 long. It consisted of three parts, a nave sacred to Iupiter, and two wings or aisles, the right sacred to Minerva, and the left to Iuno. The ascent to it from the Forum was by a hundred steps. The magnificence and richness of this temple are almost incredible. All the consuls successively made donations to the Capitol, and Augustus bestowed upon it at one time 2000 pounds weight of gold. The gilding of the whole arch of the Temple of Iupiter, which was undertaken after the destruction of Carthage, cost, according to Plutarch, 21,000 talents, or $24,780,000. The gates of the temple were of brass, covered with large plates of gold. The interior was all of marble, and was adorned with vessels and shields of solid silver, with gilded chariots, etc. The Capitol was burned in the time of Sulla , a.u.c. 670, B.C. 83, through the negligence of those who kept it, and Sulla rebuilt it, but died before the dedication, which was performed by Q. Catulus in B.C. 69. It was again destroyed in the troubles under Vitellius, on the 19th of December, A.D. 69; and Vespasian, who endeavoured to repair it, saw it again in ruins at his death. Domitian raised it for the last time, and made it more grand and magnificent than had any of his predecessors, and spent 12,000 talents in gilding it. See Roma.