Telamon
(Τελαμών).
1. A surname of Atlas, describing him as the sufferer or bearer of heaven, from τλάω. (Serv. ad Aen. 1.741, 4.246.)
2. A son of Aeacus and Endeis, and a brother of Peleus. He emigrated from Aegina to Salamis, and was first married to Glance. a daughter of Cenchreus (Diod. 4.72), and afterwards to Periboea or Eriboea, a daughter of Alcathous, by whom he became the father of Ajax. (Pind. Isthm. 6.65; Apollod. 3.12.6; comp. Ajax.) He was one of the Calydonian hunters and of the Argonauts. (Apollod. 1.8.2, 9.16, 3.12.7 ; Paus. 1.42.4; Hygin. Fab. 173 ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 175.) Miltiades traced his pedigree to Telamon. (Paus. 2.29 § 4.) After Telamon and Peleus had killed their step-brother Phocus [Phocus]. they were expelled by Aeacus from Aegina, and Telamon went to Cychreus in Salamis, who bequeathed to him his kingdom. (Apollod. l.c. ; Paus. 2.29. §§ 2, 7.) He is said to have been a great friend of Heracles (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 1.1289; Theocrit. Id. 13.38). and to have joined him in his expedition against Laomedon of Troy, which city he was the first to enter. He there erected to Heracles Callinicus or Alexicacus, an altar. Heracles, in return. gave to him Theaneira or Hesione, a daughter of Laomedon, by whom he became the father of Teucer and Trambelus. (Apollod. 2.6.4, 3.10.8, 12.7; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 468 ; Diod. 4.32.) On this expedition Telamon and Heracles also fought against the Meropes in Cos, on account of Chalciope, the beautiful daughter of Eurypylus, the king of the Meropes, and against the giant Alcioneus, on the isthmus of Corinth. (Pind. N. 4.40, &c., with the Schol.) He also accompanied Heracles on his expedition against the Amazons, and slew Melanippe. (Pind. N. 3.65, with the Schol.) Respecting his two sons, see Ajax and Teucer. [L.S]
TE´LAMON (Τελαμών: Telamone), a city on the coast of Etruria, situated on a promontory between the Mons Argentarius and the mouth of the Umbro (Ombrone), with a tolerable port adjoining it. The story told by Diodorus of its having derived its name from the hero Telamon, who accompanied the Argonauts on their voyage, may be safely dismissed as an etymological fable (Diod. 4.56). There seems no reason to doubt that it was originally an Etruscan town, but no mention of its name occurs in history during the period of Etruscan independence. It is first noticed in B.C. 225, when a great battle was fought by the Romans in its immediate neighbourhood with an army of Cisalpine Gauls, who had made an irruption into Etruria, but were intercepted, by the consuls C. Atilius and L. Aemilius in the neighbourhood of Telamon, and totally defeated. They are said to have lost 40,000 men slain, and 10,000 prisoners, among whom was one of their chiefs or kings (Plb. 1.27-31). The battle, which is described by Polybius in considerable detail, is expressly stated by him to have occurred near Telamon in Etruria:F rontinus, in speaking of the same battle, places the scene of it near Populonia (Strat. 1.2.7), but the authority of Polybius is certainly preferable. The only other mention of Telamon that occurs in history is in B.C. 87, when Marius landed there on his return from exile, and commenced gathering an army around him. (Plut. Mar. 41.) But there is no doubt that it continued to exist as a town, deriving some importance from its port, throughout the period of the Roman dominion. Its name is found both in Mela and Pliny, who calls it portus Telamon,w hile Ptolemy notices only the promontory of the name (Τελαμών ἄκρον, Ptol. 3.1.4; Plin. Nat. 3.5. s. 8; Mel. 2.4.9). The Itineraries prove that it was still in existence as late as the 4th century (Tab. Peut.; Itin. Marit. p. 500, where it is called Portus Talamonis); but from this time all trace of it disappears till the 14th century, when a castle was erected on the site. This, with the miserable village which adjoins it, still bears the name of Telamone; and the shores of the bay are lined with remains of Roman buildings, but of no great interest; and there are no relics of Etruscan antiquity. (Dennis's Etruria, vol. 2. p. 258.)
[E.H.B]Now Telamone; a town and harbour of Etruria, a few miles south of the river Umbro, said to have been founded by Telamon on his return from the Argonautic expedition (Diod.iv. 56). Here the Romans defeated the Greeks in B.C. 225 (Polyb. i. 27-31).
(Τελαμών). The son of Aeacus and Endeïs, and brother of Peleus. Having assisted Peleus in slaying their half-brother Phocus (see Peleus), Telamon was expelled from Aegina, and came to Salamis. Here he was first married to Glaucé, daughter of Cychreus, king of the island, on whose death Telamon became king of Salamis. He afterwards married Periboea or Eriboea, daughter of Alcathoüs, by whom he became the father of Aiax, who is hence frequently called Telamoniades and Telamonius heros. Telamon himself was one of the Calydonian hunters and one of the Argonauts. He was also a warm friend of Heracles, whom he joined in his expedition against Laomedon of Troy, which city he was the first to enter, and also against the Amazons (Pind. Nem. iii. 65). Heracles, in return, gave to him Theanira or Hesioné, a daughter of Laomedon, by whom he became the father of Teucer and Trambelus.
In the province of Grosseto, an Etruscan town known for the battle fought with the Gauls in 225 B.C. (Polyb. 2.25-31). C. Marius landed here in 87 B.C. to renew his struggle with Sulla (Plut. Vit. Mar. 41). As punishment for this, Telamon appears to have been destroyed by Sulla's troops in 82 B.C. In 1888, when fortification work was being carried on, the remains of the burned city were uncovered. The ceramics and coins dated from the 7th to the 1st c. B.C. In 1892 the foundation walls of a temple built in 300 B.C. were found, along with terracotta architectural fragments and votive weapons. More recent excavation has indicated that it was a podium temple (12.9 x 22.6 m) oriented N-S with a single cella and a pronaos two columns deep. Before the entrance steps was a paved area with an altar.
The finds are in the Museo Archeologico in Florence. Of particular importance is a terracotta pediment covered with figures. It was found in 1892 and dates from ca. 170-150 B.C. The figures show the defeat of the Seven against Thebes.
BIBLIOGRAPHYG. F. Gamurnini, “Talamone,” NSc (1888) 682-91; L. A. Milani, Il Museo Archeologico di Firenze (1912) 66-69, 257-60, pls. 114-16; A. Andrén, Architectural Terracottas from Etrusco-Italic Temples (1940) 227-38, pl. 82f; O. W. v. Vacano, “Die Figurenanordnung im Giebelrelief von Telamon,” RömMitt 76 (1969) 141-61; id., “Zum Grundriss des Tempels auf dem Talamonaccio,” Hommages à M. Renard (Collection Latomus vol. 113, 1969) 675-94; P. Somella, Antichi campi di battaglia in Italia (1967) 11-34.
O. W. v. VACANO- marches with Herakles against Eleans: Paus. 8.15.7
- buried beside river Aroanius: Paus. 8.15.6
- his aid invoked by the Greeks: Hdt. 8.64
- son of Aeacus: Apollod. 1.8.2, Apollod. 1.7.1, Paus. 1.42.4, Paus. 2.29.2
- hunts the Calydonian boar: Apollod. 1.8.2
- in the Argo: Apollod. 1.9.17
- with Herakles at the capture of Ilium: Apollod. 2.6.3
- father of Ajax and Teucer: Apollod. 3.10.7, Apollod. 3.10.8
- murders Phocus: Apollod. 3.12.6
- flees from Aegina for murder of Phocus: Paus. 2.29.2
- expelled from Aegina: Apollod. 3.12.6
- being tried for murder of Phocus pleads from mole in sea: Paus. 2.29.10
- colonises Salamis: Paus. 1.35.2, Paus. 2.29.10
- goes to Salamis, where he succeeds Cychreus in the kingdom: Apollod. 3.12.7
- father of Ajax and Teucer: Paus. 1.5.2, Paus. 8.15.6
- marries Periboea: Paus. 1.42.4
- father of Ajax by Periboea: Apollod. 3.12.7
- goes with Herakles to Troy and receives Hesione as a prize: Apollod. 3.12.7
- has a son Teucer by Hesione: Apollod. 3.12.7
- judges Teucer: Paus. 1.28.11
- expels Teucer: Paus. 8.15.6
- hunts Calydonian boar: Paus. 8.45.6
- stone on which he sat: Paus. 1.35.3
- represented in gable of temple of Athena Alea at Tegea: Paus. 8.45.6